Relationship between market and institutional networks and technological innovation: an analysis of peruvian manufacturing firms
| Autor | Javier Fernando Del Carpio Gallegos - Francesc Miralles - Alejandro Erasmo Loli Pineda |
| Cargo | Doctor in Industrial Engineering, at National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú - PhD in Management and Technology, at UPC, Barcelona, Spain - Doctor in Psychology, at National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú |
| Páginas | 63-92 |
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ABSTRACT
Firms strive to develop technological innovations. This study focuses on two main objectives: to identify
the relationship between market and institutional networks and technological innovation; and to analyze
the relationship between the obstacles that firms assess when developing innovations. The literature
shows that there has been little interest in researching innovation in emerging economies, in which there
is a greater presence of low-technology intensity firms that also develop technological innovations. Using
data from 705 Peruvian manufacturing firms, a partial structural equation model was applied. The results
showed that when firms are linked to networks, their capacity for technological innovation improves.
KEYWORDS
Manufacturing, innovation, networks, Peru.
RESUMEN
Las empresas se esfuerzan para desarrollar innovaciones tecnológicas. El presente estudio se enfoca
en dos objetivos principales: identificar la relación entre las redes de mercado e institucionales y la
innovación tecnológica; y analizar la relación entre los obstáculos que las empresas evalúan cuando
desarrollan innovaciones. La literatura muestra que ha habido poco interés en investigar la innovación
en las economías emergentes, en las cuales hay una mayor presencia de empresas de baja intensidad
tecnológica que también desarrollan innovaciones tecnológicas. Usando los datos de 705 empresas
peruanas de manufactura, se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales parciales. Los resultados
mostraron cuando las empresas se vinculan con las redes mejora su capacidad de innovación tecnológica.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Manufactura, innovación, redes, Perú.
RELACIÓN ENTRE LAS REDES DE MERCADO E
INSTITUCIONALES Y LA INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA: ANÁLISIS
DE LAS EMPRESAS PERUANAS DE MANUFACTURA
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARKET AND INSTITUTIONAL NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: AN
ANALYSIS OF PERUVIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS
JAVIER FERNANDO
DEL CARPIO GALLEGOS
FRANCESCMIRALLES
ALEJANDRO ERASMO
LOLI PINEDA
JEL: O, O, O
Received: 20/08/2020
Modified: 15/09/2020
Accepted: 04/06/2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17230/
Ad-minister.38.3
1 Doctor in Industrial Engineering, at National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Professor at
Universidad ESAN, Dean College of Engineering, ESAN University, Professor, jdelcarpio@esan.edu.pe,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-5754
2 PhD in Management and Technology, at UPC, Barcelona, Spain, Professor at La Salle – Ramon Llull
University, Dean at La Salle International School of Commerce and Digital Economy, Director of the
Innova Institute, francesc.miralles@salle.url.edu, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-5423
3 Doctor in Psychology, at National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Professor at National
University of San Marcos, alolip@unmsm.edu.pe, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-0541
AD-minister Nº. 38 enero - junio 2021 pp. 63 - 92 · ISSN 1692-0279 · eISSN 2256-4322
Javier Fernando Del Carpio Gallegos · FrancescMiralles · Alejandro Erasmo Loli Pineda
Relación entre las redes de mercado e institucionales y la innovación tecnológica: análisis de las empresas peruanas de manufactura
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. INTRODUCTION
Firms are facing environments that are increasingly competitive, which has forced
them to develop innovations. However, when they do not have all the resources to
innovate themselves, they find it necessary to associate with third parties so that these
third parties can provide them with knowledge (Xie et al., 2013). In order to carry out
the desired innovations, firms seek to develop market networks that are made up
of many parties, including their customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants, and
headquarters. At the same time, they also interact with institutional networks, whose
actors are universities and research centers.
The connection between market networks and technological innovation has
been studied from a variety of dierent angles, each leading to its own conclusions.
Liu and Atuahene-Gima (2018) indicate that connections with customers encourage
firms to promote product innovation. In a similar way, firms that connect with
suppliers of technology are in a better state to develop process innovations (Najafi-
Tavani et al., 2018), and Ozdemir et al. (2017) argue that firms seeking alliances with
their competitors manage to deepen their knowledge and to improve their new
product development processes; at the same time, they are abler to explore new
market opportunities. Furthermore, when the headquarters becomes involved in
the process of innovation that is carried out in the subsidiaries, these subsidiaries
acquire the skills necessary to develop innovations (Ciabuschi et al., 2015). External
consultants are also considered favorable for the development of firms’ innovation
capacity (Back et al., 2014). Firms that develop the ability to connect to collaboration
networks are more likely to develop product innovations (Ghauri et al., 2016).
Meanwhile, research on institutional networks and their relationship with
technological innovation has interested scholars. Kim et al. (2018) investigated
Korean manufacturing firms and found that firms’ alliances with universities and
research institutes allow those firms to have access to external sources of knowledge
that enhance their capacity for innovation. Additionally,, Seo et al. (2017), analyzing
the information from the 2012 Korean innovation survey, verified how obstacles
can influence the innovation capacity of low-tech firms, finding that there may be
dierences that are conditioned by the presence of a strong or weak appropriability
regime. The obstacles firms face when they evaluate whether or not to carry out
innovations fall mainly into four categories: knowledge, market, cost, and finances,
as well as other factors (INEI, 2015).
This study contributes to the literature on innovation carried out by low-tech
firms in an emerging economy (Del Carpio & Miralles, 2018). Manufacturing firms
are classified according to an indicator that is calculated by dividing the research
and development expenses made by firms by their sales, according to the OECD
(Galindo-Rueda & Verger, 2016). Low-tech firms, according to Martínez et al. (2017),
are characterized by the search for practical knowledge, and they acquire mature
technologies and adapt them to their context. They depend on the acquisition of
machinery and external knowledge.
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