Desaparición forzada y violencia sexual contra mujeres en Putumayo, Colombia
| Autor | Ana Guatame Garcia, Ovidio Delgado Mahecha |
| Páginas | 42-67 |
42
Desaparición forzada y violencia sexual contra
mujeres en Putumayo, Colombia*1
Forced disappearances and sexual violence against women
in Putumayo, Colombia
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
43
Introducción
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Desaparición forzada y violencia sexual contra
mujeres en Putumayo, Colombia
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
44
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I. Marco normativo referente a la desapa-
rición forzada y la violencia sexual
A. Desaparición forzada
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⊥#2 162&4!7!≅−2,(2+!∋9−2∗%(29−3/76(2∃4!+/!32!26!2 +−6!7−4!+/>∀2,(26!2Η6/!∀?!2ϑ(9!4&!∋(∀&!62,(2Λ%≅(4(32,(62;%&%∋!:−Χ2:2+−∀3/3&/>2(∀2
6!2!96/+!+/>∀2,(2(∀&4(./3&!32 ,(3(3&4%+&%4!,!32!2.5+&/∋!32:2∗%∀+/−∀!4/−32 6−+!6(3Χ2%∀2&!66(4Χ2%∀2(≅(4+/+/−2,(2+!4&−∃ 4!∗5!23−+/!6Χ22%∀!2
./3/&!2!26−326%∃!4(32/,(∀&/∗/+!,−329−426!2+−∋%∀/,!,2+−∋−2+45&/+−32(∀2∋!&(4/!2,(2,(3!9!4/+/>∀2,(2∋%≅(4(32:2%∀24(∃/3&4−2!%,/−./3%!62
,(624(+−44/,−2=%(23(2+−∋96(∋(∀&>2+−∀20/3&−4/!32,(2./,!#
ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
45
9−4&!∀&(32(∀2(3&(23(∀&/,−Φ26!2Ο(:2[_θ29−42∋(,/−2,(2
6!2+%!623(24(+−∀−+/>2(62∃(∀−+/,/−Χ26!2,(3!9!4/+/>∀2
∗−4?!,!Χ2(62,(396!?!∋/(∀&−2∗−4?!,−2:26!2&−4&%4!ρ2
:26!2Ο(:2[θθ2=%(2&/9/∗/+>26!2,(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2
,(∀&4−2,(62∆>,/∃−2;(∀!62α!4β[χ#2
Η2&4!.ο32,(26!2Ο(:2[_θ2,(2ΘΖΖΖ23(2,(+4(&>Φ2/χ26!2
+4(!+/>∀2 ,(2 6!2 ∆−∋/3/>∀2,(2ΩΕ3=%(,!2,(2;(4<
3−∀!32 ϑ(3!9!4(+/,!32 α
∃651
χρ2//χ2(62Λ(+!∀/3∋−2
,(2ΩΕ3=%(,!2 Ν4∃(∀&(2 α
,6∗
χ2α!4ΓΡχΧ2 =%(29−42
&4!&!43(2,(2%∀2/∀3&4%∋(∀&−2=%(24(∃%6!26−32,(4(<
+0−32∗%∀,!∋(∀&!6(32!26!26/7(4&!,2:26!2/∀&(∃4/,!,2
9(43−∀!62∗%(24(∃6!∋(∀&!,−29−42.5!2(3&!&%&!4/!2!2
&4!.ο32,(26!2Ο(:2θδΓ2,(2ΘΖΖ[ρ2:2///χ26!2+4(!+/>∀2,(62
ε(∃/3&4−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2ϑ(3!9!4(+/,−32α
%∀1
χΧ2=%(2
9−3&(4/−4∋(∀&(2∗%(24(∃6!∋(∀&!,−29−42(62ϑ(+4(&−2
⊥ΘΓ_2,(2ΘΖΖ[#
1∀2ΘΖΖδ26!2
∃651
294−∋%6∃>2(62;6!∀2φ!+/−∀!62,(2
ΩΕ3=%(,!2,(2;(43−∀!32 ϑ(3!9!4(+/,!32α
5∀6
χΧ2(62
+%!623(27!3>2(∀2∋!∀%!6(32/∀&(4∀!+/−∀!6(329!4!26!2
7Ε3=%(,!2,(2,(3!9!4(+/,−32:26!324(+−∋(∀,!+/−∀(32
,(2−4∃!∀/?!+/−∀(32 ,(2 6!23−+/(,!,2 +/./6#2 Α/∀2(∋<
7!4∃−Χ26!2!96/+!+/>∀2,(62
5∀6
2∀−2∗%(2,(2−76/∃!&−4/−2
+%∋96/∋/(∀&−29−429!4&(2,(26!2Μ/3+!65!2Π(∀(4!62,(2
6!2φ!+/>∀2α
:)∀
χΧ29−426−2=%(23%2/∋96(∋(∀&!+/>∀2
=%(,>23%73%∋/,!2(∀2(62;4−∃4!∋!2Λ(&−,−6>∃/+−2
,(2Ξ∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀Χ[23/∀2+−∀&(∋96!426!29!4&/+%6!4/<
,!,2,(26!2/∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀Χ2+%!∀,−2!,(∋π32,(62(3&!<
76(+/∋/(∀&−2,(26!2−+%44(∀+/!2,(62,(6/&−2(32∀(+(3!<
4/!26!26−+!6/?!+/>∀2,(26!29(43−∀!2,(3!9!4(+/,!#2Α−6−2
0!3&!2(62ΘΖΓΓ26!2Ο(:2,(2γ5+&/∋!32:2ε(3&/&%+/>∀2,(2
Σ/(44!32(∀23%2!4&5+%6−2Γδ_Χ2∀%∋(4!62θΧ2(3&!76(+/>2
=%(26!2!96/+!+/>∀2,(62
5∀6
2(32−76/∃!&−4/!#
162
%∀1
2&/(∀(2 +−∋−2 94/∀+/9!62∗/∀!6/,!,2 3(42 %∀2
/∀3&4%∋(∀&−2&ο+∀/+−2=%(23/4.!29!4!26!26−+!6/?!+/>∀2
(2/,(∀&/∗/+!+/>∀2 ,(2 6!32 9(43−∀!32 ,(3!9!4(+/,!3#2
ϑ(3,(23%2+4(!+/>∀Χ23%24(&−20!23/,−26!2+−∀3−6/,!+/>∀2
,(2%∀24(∃/3&4−2Ε∀/+−2:2+(∀&4!6/?!,−2,(29(43−∀!32
,(3!9!4(+/,!3ρ23/∀2(∋7!4∃−Χ26!32∀−&!76(32,/∗(4(∀<
+/!32(∀&4(2(62∀Ε∋(4−2,(24(∃/3&4−32,−+%∋(∀&!,−32
9−426!32,/∗(4(∀&(32(∀&/,!,(32,(6213&!,−29−∀(∀2(∀2
(./,(∀+/!26!32,/∗/+%6&!,(32(∀26!2&4!∀3∗(4(∀+/!2 ,(2
,!&−32αΠ%!&!∋(Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ#
Ο%(∃−2,(62,/π6−∃−2/∀/+/!,−2(∀2ΘΖΖΘ2+−∀26!32Η%&−<
,(∗(∀3!32Ν∀/,!32,(2∆−6−∋7/!2α
!∗∃
χ29!4!23%2,(3<
∋−./6/?!+/>∀23(2(89/,/>26!2Ο(:2θδ[2,(2ΘΖΖ[2−2Ο(:2
,(2λ%3&/+/!2:2;!?Χ29−42∋(,/−2,(26!2+%!623(27%3+>26!2
,(3(3&4%+&%4!+/>∀2,(26−32∃4%9−329!4!∋/6/&!4(3Χ2∋(<
,/!∀&(2%∀2∋!4+−2,(2≅%3&/+/!2&4!∀3/+/−∀!62=%(2−∗4(+5!2
9(∀!32!6&(4∀!&/.!32!2=%/(∀(32,(+6!4!4!∀26!2.(4,!,2
,(26−320(+0−32+−∋(&/,−3ρ2(3&−2/∀+6%:>2(62!9−4&(2,(2
/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀23−74(26!2%7/+!+/>∀2,(2∗−3!32+6!∀,(3&/∀!3#
1∀2(62!Β−2ΘΖΓΖ23(23!∀+/−∀>26!2Ο(:2Γ⊥Ζ_24(∃6!∋(∀<
&!,!29−3&(4/−4∋(∀&(2+−∀2(62ϑ(+4(&−2∀Ε∋(4−2ΖΡΖΡ2
,(2ΘΖΓ[Χ2(∀2 ,−∀,(23(2(∀+%(∀&4!∀2 ,/39−3/+/−∀(32
3−74(2(62Ω!∀+−2,(2;(4∗/6(32Π(∀ο&/+−32,(2ϑ(3!9!<
4(+/,−3Χ2(624−7%3&(+/∋/(∀&−2,(62
%∀1
Χ26!29!4&/+/9!<
+/>∀2,(26−32∗!∋/6/!4(32(∀2(6294−+(3−2,(27Ε3=%(,!Χ2
6!2/∋96(∋(∀&!+/>∀2,(2∋(+!∀/3∋−32,(24(∃/3&4−2,(2
6−32(∀&(44!∋/(∀&−32+6!∀,(3&/∀−32!2&4!.ο32,(23/3<
&(∋!32,(2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2∃(−∃4π∗/+!2:26!2+4(!+/>∀2,(2
3!∀&%!4/−32,(26!2∋(∋−4/!#2ϑ!,!26!2(39(+/∗/+/,!,2,(2
(3&!26(:2:2(6294−+(3−29!4&/+/9!&/.−2,(26!32.5+&/∋!32
(∀23%24(∃6!∋(∀&!+/>∀Χ23(2 +−∀3/,(4!2 %∀−2 ,(2 6−32
!.!∀+(326(∃/36!&/.−32∋π32/∋9−4&!∀&(32(∀2∋!&(4/!2
[#2 162;4−∃4!∋!2Λ(&−,−6>∃/+−2,(2 Ξ∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀2(32Ι%∀!20(44!∋/(∀&!2,(2&4!7!≅−2=%(29(4 ∋/&(2−4∃!∀/?!42:2(896/+!426!2/∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀Χ2
+−∀2(62∗/∀2,(2/,(∀&/∗/+!42:2!3(∃%4!426−32∋(,/−32+−∃∀−3+/&/.−32∀(+(3!4/−329!4!2,(∋−3&4!4Χ2∋π32!66π2,(2,%,!24!?−∀!76(Χ26!2−+%44(∀+/!2
,(62,(6/&−2:23%2!%&−42−29!4&5+/9(Κ2αΗ.(66!Χ2ΘΖΖδΧ29#2Γδχ#
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
46
,(2,(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2,(3,(26!294−∋%6∃!+/>∀2,(2
6!2Ο(:2[_θ2,(2ΘΖΖΖΧ2≅%∀&−2+−∀26!2!94−7!+/>∀29−42
9!4&(2,(2∆−6−∋7/!2,(26!2∆−∀.(∀+/>∀2Ξ∀&(4∀!+/−∀!62
9!4!26!294−&(++/>∀2,(2&−,!326!329(43−∀!32+−∀&4!26!32
,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32Μ−4?!,!3Χ2,(26!32φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!3Χ2
,!,!2!2&4!.ο32,(26!2Ο(:2Γ⊥Γ_2,(2ΘΖΓΖ#
B. Violencia sexual
Ο!2+4(!+/>∀2,(2∋(+!∀/3∋−32,(2,(4(+0−2(39(+/!6(32
9!4!26!294−&(++/>∀2,(26−32,(4(+0−320%∋!∀−32,(26!32
∋%≅(4(323%4∃(2+−∋−24(39%(3&!2!26!2(39(+/∗/+/,!,2,(2
6!32./−6!+/−∀(32,(2,(4(+0−32=%(2(3&!32(89(4/∋(∀&!∀2
αΞ∀3&/&%&−2Ξ∀&(4!∋(4/+!∀−2,(2ϑ(4(+0−32σ%∋!∀−32
τ
((12
υΧ2ΘΖΖ⊥Χ29#2θδχ#213&−32∋(+!∀/3∋−324(∗6(≅!∀2
(62+−∀3(∀3−2:2(624(+−∀−+/∋/(∀&−Χ29−429!4&(2,(26−32
13&!,−3Χ2,(62&4!&−2,/3+4/∋/∀!&−4/−2=%(26!32∋%≅(4(32
&4!,/+/−∀!6∋(∀&(20!∀24(+/7/,−2(∀23%324(39(+&/.!32
3−+/(,!,(3Χ26−2=%(20!2,!,−2+−∋−24(3%6&!,−2=%(2(3<
&ο∀2(89%(3&!32!2,/∗(4(∀&(32∗−4∋!32,(2./−6(∀+/!Χ2=%(2
/∀+6%:(∀26!2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!6Χ293/+−6>∃/+!2:2∗53/+!Χ2:2
(62!7%3−2,(23%32+%(49−32α∆−∋/3/>∀2Ξ∀&(4!∋(4/+!∀!2
,(2ϑ(4(+0−32σ%∋!∀−32τ
∃(12
υΧ2ΘΖΖβΧ29#2.//χ#
Ο!2∆−∀3&/&%+/>∀2;−65&/+!2(∀2 3%32 !4&5+%6−32 ΓΡ2 :2
⊥Ρ2∃!4!∀&/?!26!2/∃%!6,!,2!∀&(26!26(:2:26!2∀−2,/3<
+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2,(26!32∋%≅(4(3#2 ;−3&(4/−4∋(∀&(Χ26!2
./−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!2∋%≅(42∗%(2,(∗/∀/,!2+−∋−Φ
∆%!6=%/(42!++/>∀2%2 −∋/3/>∀Χ2=%(26(2 +!%3(2 ∋%(4<
&(Χ2,!Β−2−2 3%∗4/∋/(∀&−2∗53/+−Χ23(8%!6Χ293/+−6>∃/+−Χ2
(+−∀>∋/+−2−29!&4/∋−∀/!629−423%2+−∀,/+/>∀2,(2∋%<
≅(4Χ2!352+−∋−26!32!∋(∀!?!32,(2&!6(32!+&−3Χ26!2+−!+<
+/>∀2−26!294/.!+/>∀2!47/&4!4/!2 ,(26!26/7(4&!,Χ27/(∀2
3(!2=%(2 3(294(3(∀&(2 (∀2(62π∋7/&−29Ε76/+−2−2 (∀2(62
94/.!,−2αΟ(:2ΓΘ[δΧ2ΘΖΖ_Χ2!4Θχ#2
Η2&4!.ο32,(26!2Ο(:2[Γ2,(2Γθ_Γ2∆−6−∋7/!2!,−9&>26!2
∆−∀.(∀+/>∀23−74(26!216/∋/∀!+/>∀2,(2&−,!326!32Μ−4<
∋!32,(2ϑ/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2+−∀&4!26!2Λ%≅(42α
∃−1!9
χΧ2
:2∋(,/!∀&(26!2Ο(:2Θ⊥_2,(2Γθθ[26!2∆−∀.(∀+/>∀2Ξ∀<
&(4∀!+/−∀!629!4!2;4(.(∀/4Χ2Α!∀+/−∀!42:2144!,/+!42
6!2γ/−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!2Λ%≅(42−2∆−∀.(∀+/>∀2,(2Ω(<
6ο∋2,−2;!4π2+−∋−29!4&(2,(26!26(∃/36!+/>∀2/∀&(4∀!#
Ο!2
∃−1!9
2(32(62/∀3&4%∋(∀&−2/∀&(4∀!+/−∀!62∋π32
(8&(∀3−24(6!&/.−2!26−32,(4(+0−32 ,(2 6!32∋%≅(4(3#2
13&!2!∋965!26!24(39−∀3!7/6/,!,2(3&!&!62!2!+&−32=%(2
+−∋(&(∀29(43−∀!3294/.!,!3Χ2(∋94(3!32−2/∀3&/&%+/−<
∀(32∀−2(3&!&!6(32:2∀−2∃%7(4∀!∋(∀&!6(3ρ24(+−∀−+(2
(629!9(62,(26!2+%6&%4!2:26!32&4!,/+/−∀(32(∀2(62∋!∀<
&(∀/∋/(∀&−2,(26!2,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀ρ2:2+−∋94−∋(&(2!2
ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
1∀2(62!Β−2ΘΖΖ_26!2∆−4&(2∆−∀3&/&%+/−∀!62
94−∋%6∃>2(62Η%&−2ΖθΘΧ2,−∀,(2!,%+(2
=%(26!2./−6(∀+/!2(≅(4+/,!2(∀2(62+−∀∗6/+&−2
!4∋!,−2/∀&(4∀−2./+&/∋/?!2!26!32
∋%≅(4(32,(2∋!∀(4!2,/∗(4(∀+/!6#21∀2ο62
4(+−∀−+(26!2./−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!2∋%≅(4Χ2:2
(39(+/!6∋(∀&(26!2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∋−2
%∀2∗(∀>∋(∀−20!7/&%!6Χ2(8&(∀,/,−2:2
3/3&(∋π&/+−Χ2:29−426−2&!∀&−26(2+−∀∗/(4(2%∀2
6%∃!42+−∋−2+4/∋(∀2,(26(3!20%∋!∀/,!,Χ2!2
6!26%?2,(6213&!&%&−2,(2ε−∋!#
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
47
6−3213&!,−32!2(6/∋/∀!42(3&(4(−&/9−32(∀26−324−6(32,(2
0−∋74(32:2∋%≅(4(32α
((12
Χ2ΘΖΖ⊥Χ29#2ΓΡβχ#2
Η2 9!4&/42 ,(2 6!2
∃−1!9
Χ2 6!2 ,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2 :2 6!2
./−6(∀+/!2=%(2 9!,(+(∀26!32 ∋%≅(4(32&!∀&−2(∀23%32
./,!3294/.!,!32+−∋−2(∀2(62∋!4+−2,(23%32.5∀+%6−32
∗!∋/6/!4(32:29(43−∀!6(323−∀23!∀+/−∀!,!32:29%(,(∀2
+−∀66(.!424(39−∀3!7/6/,!,2/∀&(4∀!+/−∀!629!4!26−32
13&!,−32;!4&(Χ23/2∀−26!3294−&(∃(∀2!,(+%!,!∋(∀&(2
,(2(3&!32!++/−∀(32,(∀&4−2,(23%32∗4−∀&(4!32α((12Χ2
ΘΖΖ⊥Χ29#2ΓΡ⊥χ#
Ο!2∆−∀.(∀+/>∀2,(2Ω(6(∋2,−2;!4!2,(∗/∀(26!2./−6(∀<
+/!2+−∀&4!26!32∋%≅(4(32+−∋−Φ2Ι∆%!6=%/(42!++/>∀2−2
+−∀,%+&!27!3!,!2(∀23%2∃ο∀(4−Χ2=%(2+!%3(2∋%(4&(Χ2
,!Β−2−23%∗4/∋/(∀&−2∗53/+−Χ2 3(8%!62 :2 93/+−6>∃/+−2
!26!2 ∋%≅(4Χ2&!∀&−2 (∀2 (62π∋7/&−29Ε76/+−2 +−∋−2(62
94/.!,−Κ2α!4Γχ#
13&!2∋/3∋!2∆−∀.(∀+/>∀24(+−∀−+(2(894(3!∋(∀&(2
6!24(6!+/>∀2=%(2(8/3&(2(∀&4(2./−6(∀+/!2,(2∃ο∀(4−2:2
,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀Χ2/∀,/+!∀,−2=%(2&!62./−6(∀+/!2(32%∀2
4(∗6(≅−2,(26!324(6!+/−∀(32,(29−,(420/3&>4/+!∋(∀&(2
,(3/∃%!6(32(∀&4(2∋%≅(4(32:20−∋74(3Χ2:2=%(2(62,(<
4(+0−2,(26!32∋%≅(4(32!2%∀!2./,!26/74(2,(2./−6(∀+/!2
/∀+6%:(2(62,(4(+0−2!23(426/74(32,(2&−,!2∗−4∋!2,(2
,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2:2!23(42.!6−4!,!32:2(,%+!,!326/74(32
,(29!&4−∀(32(3&(4(−&/9!,−32αΗ3!∋76(!2 Π(∀(4!6#
&−!
;#<==>χ#2
∆−6−∋7/!24!&/∗/+>2(∀2 ΘΖΖ_2(6213&!&%&−2,(2ε−∋!2
,(26!2∆−4&(2;(∀!62Ξ∀&(4∀!+/−∀!6Χ2(62+%!6294−9−4<
+/−∀!2 4(+−∀−+/∋/(∀&−2 6(∃!62 +−∀&4!2 6!2 ./−6(∀+/!2
9−424!?−∀(32,(2 ∃ο∀(4−#2ϑ/+0−213&!&%&−2+6!3/∗/+!2
+−∋−2+45∋(∀(32 ,(26(3!2 0%∋!∀/,!,26!2 ./−6!+/>∀Χ2
6!2(3+6!./&%,23(8%!6Χ2 6!2 94−3&/&%+/>∀2∗−4?!,!Χ2(62
(∋7!4! ?−2 ∗−4?!,−Χ2 6 !2 (3&(4/6 /?!+/>∀2 ∗− 4?!,!2 −2
+%!6=%/(42−&4!2∗−4∋!2,(2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62∃4!.(Χ2
=%(2!,(∋π320!∃!29!4&(2,(2%∀2!&!=%(2∃(∀(4!6/?!,−2
−23/3&(∋π&/+−2+−∀&4!26!29−76!+/>∀2+/./6#
16294/∋(424(∗(4(∀&(2≅%4/394%,(∀+/!62=%(23(Β!6!2(62
/∋9!+&−2,(62+−∀∗6/+&−2!4∋!,−23−74(26!32∋%≅(4(3Χ2
(39(+/!6∋(∀&(2(∀2∋!&(4/!2,(2,(396!?!∋/(∀&−2∗−4<
?!,−Χ2(326!2Α(∀&(∀+/!2Σ
∆−∀3&/&%+/−∀!6#21∀2(66!2(62!6&−2&4/7%∀!624(3!6&!26!2
.%6∀(4!7/6/,!,2:26−32 4/(3∃−32=%(2+−44(∀26!32∋%<
≅(4(32+−∋−24(3%6&!,−2,(62+−∀∗6/+&−2!4∋!,−Χ2:2,!2
+%(∀&!2,(2=%(2(62,(396!?!∋/(∀&−2∗−4?!,−2!%∋(∀&!2
3%2 4/(3∃−2 ,(2 3(42 .5+&/∋!32,(2./−6(∀+/!2 3(8%!6Χ2
(896−&!+/>∀23(8%!62 −2!7%3−23(8%!629−429!4&(2,(2
6−32∋/(∋74−32,(26−32,/∗(4(∀&(32∃4%9−32!4∋!,−3#
1∀2(62!Β−2ΘΖΖ_26!2∆−4&(2∆−∀3&/&%+/−∀!6294−∋%6∃>2
(62Η%&−2ΖθΘΧ2,−∀,(2!,%+(2=%(26!2./−6(∀+/!2(≅(4+/,!2
(∀2(62+−∀∗6/+&−2!4∋!,−2 /∀&(4∀−2 ./+&/∋/?!2!2 6!32
∋%≅(4(32,(2∋!∀(4!2,/∗(4(∀+/!6#2 1∀2 ο62 4(+−∀−+(2
6!2./−6(∀+/!2 +−∀&4!26!2 ∋%≅(4Χ2:2(39(+/!6∋(∀&(2 6!2
./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62 +−∋−2%∀2∗(∀>∋(∀−2 0!7/&%!6Χ2
(8&(∀,/,−2:23/3&(∋π&/+−Χ2:29−426−2&!∀&−26(2+−∀∗/(4(2
%∀26%∃!42 +−∋−2+4/∋(∀2,(2 6(3!2 0%∋!∀/,!,Χ2!2 6!2
6%?2,(6213&!&%&−2,(2ε−∋!#21∀2(3&(2!%&−26!2∆−4&(2
94(3(∀&>2!26!2
:)∀
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+−∀&4!2 ∋%≅(4(32 (∀2 (62 ∋!4+−2,(62+−∀∗6/+&−Χ2=%(2
!7!4+!∀20(+0−32=%(2.!∀2,(3,(26!2./−6!+/>∀20!3&!2
6!294−3&/&%+/>∀2∗−4?!,!#2Α−74(26!2/∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀2,(2
(3&−32Γ_Ρ2+!3−32α!%&−24(3(4.!,−χ23(2+4(>2%∀!2∋(3!2
9(4∋!∀(∀&(2,(23(∃%/∋/(∀&−2=%(29(4∋/&(2−73(4.!42
3%2!.!∀+(2,(3,(26!23−+/(,!,2+/./6#
Ξ∀,(9(∀,/(∀&(∋(∀&(2 ,(2 6−32&/9−32 ,(2 ./−6(∀+/!2
,(26−32=%(26!2∋%≅(429%(,(23(42.5+&/∋!Χ2(62∋!4+−2
∀−4∋!&/.−2,(7(23(42 &!∀2!∋96/−2=%(29(4∋/&!23(42
!96/+!,−2!2+%!6=%/(42 +−∀&(8&−#21∀2(3&!32 ∀−4∋!32
,(7(∀2+−∀&(∋96!43(2∋(,/,!32,(2 94(.(∀+/>∀2 ,(2
6!2./−6(∀+/!Χ294−&(++/>∀2:2!9−:−2!26!329−&(∀+/!6(32
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
48
.5+&/∋!32:2!26!32.5+&/∋!323−74(././(∀&(3Χ2+!3&/∃−2
,(26−32!%&−4(32,(62!+&−2./−6(∀&−Χ2!352+−∋−2∋(,/,!32
=%(2∃!4!∀&/+(∀2 6!2/∋96(∋(∀&!+/>∀2 :2(.!6%!+/>∀2
94−∗%∀,!2,(26!326(:(32:2∀−4∋!&/.!3#2Ν∀!2,(26!32∋!<
:−4(324(39−∀3!7/6/,!,(32,(6213&!,−2∀−2(323−6−26!2
∗−4∋%6!+/>∀2,(26(:(32=%(2∃!4!∀&/+(∀26−32,(4(+0−32
,(26!32 ∋%≅(4(3Χ23/∀−2&!∋7/ο∀2 6!2+4(!+/>∀2,(2 6!32
+−∀,/+/−∀(32∋!&(4/!6(32:20%∋!∀!32=%(2!3(∃%4(∀2
=%(2,/+0!326(:(323(4π∀2/∋96(∋(∀&!,!32∋(,/!∀&(2
%∀!294−+%4!+/>∀Χ2!,∋/∀/3&4!+/>∀2(2/∋9!4&/+/>∀2,(2
≅%3&/+/!23(∀3/76(2!62∃ο∀(4−#
II. Aproximación al contexto socioespacial
y territorial del conflicto armado en el Pu-
tumayo
A. Localización y descripción general del depar-
tamento
162,(9!4&!∋(∀&−2,(2;%&%∋!:−2 α
1∀5
Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ2(32
9!4&(2,(26!2Η∋!?−∀5!2:2(3&π26−+!6/?!,−2(∀&4(26!32
+−−4,(∀!,!32 ΖΓϖΘβΨΓ_ΨΨ2:2ΖΓϖΘδΨΡδΨΨ2 ,(2 6!&/&%,2
∀−4&(2:2 δΡϖ[ΖΨΡθΨ2:2δδω⊥Ψ[_ΨΨ2,(26−∀∃/&%,2−(3&(Χ2
+−∀2%∀!23%9(4∗/+/(2,(2Θ⊥#_β[2ς∋Θ2αΘ#Θ2ξ2 ,(62&(<
44/&−4/−2∀!+/−∀!6χΧ2 :2%∀!29−76!+/>∀2(3&/∋!,!2,(2
ΡΡΡ#Θ⊥δ#ΖΖΖ2 0!7/&!∀&(3Χ2,(26−32+%!6(32 (62 ⊥_2 ξ2
3(2 6−+!6/?!2 (∀2 +!7(+(4!32 ∋%∀/+/9!6(32αΓ[_#⊥ΡΓ2
0!7/&!∀&(3χρ2:2,(2 !+%(4,−2+−∀2(62∆(∀3−2,(2 ΘΖΖ[2
αϑ!∀(Χ2ΘΖΖ[χ2 6!29−76!+/>∀2,(62 ,(9!4&!∋(∀&−23(2
+−∋9−∀(2,(2∋(3&/?−32αδβ2ξχΧ2/∀,5∃(∀!32αΓ_2ξχ2:2
!∗4−+−6−∋7/!∀−32αβ2ξχ#
B. Producción social del espacio y del territorio
de Putumayo
162&(44/&−4/−2 ,(2 ;%&%∋!:−20!2&(∀/,−2%∀26!4∃−2
94−+(3−2,(2&4!∀3∗−4∋!+/>∀2(∀2 6!2∃(−0/3&−4/!2 ,(2
3%2!4&/+%6!+/>∀29(4/∗ο4/+!2!26!2(+−∀−∋5!2∀!+/−∀!62(2
/∀&(4∀!+/−∀!6Χ2!3%∀&−2=%(2&−∋>2∋!:−42!%∃(2!29!4<
&/42,(2ΓθΡΖ#2162(8&4!+&/./3∋−2,(2,/3&/∀&!32+6!3(32
0!23/,−2%∀!2+−∀3&!∀&(2(∀23%2−+%9!+/>∀Χ2,(3,(26!32
+!%+0(45!320!3&!26!2(896−&!+/>∀2,(26!32=%/∀!3Χ29!<
3!∀,−29−42(629(&4>6(−Χ26!2∋/∀(45!Χ26!2+−6−∀/?!+/>∀2
!∃45+−6!2:26!2/∋96!∀&!+/>∀2,(26−32+%6&/.−32,(2+−+!#2
σ!23(∃%/,−2%∀294−+(3−26(∀&−Χ2!?!4−3−2:2+−∀∗6/+&/.−2
,(2!4&/+%6!+/>∀2!26−32∋(4+!,−3Χ2(∀2(62=%(2.!4/−32
!+&−4(323(20!∀2,/39%&!,−2(62+−∀&4−62&(44/&−4/!629−42
,/3&/∀&−32∋(,/−3Χ26%+0!2+%:!3294/∋(4!32.5+&/∋!32
∗%(4− ∀2 6−32 ,/ ∗(4(∀& (32 9%(76 −32 /∀,5 ∃(∀!3#2 Ο !32
,/39%&!329−42(62+−∀&4−62,(62&(44/&−4/−20!∀2(3&!,−2
∋!4+!,!329−42 6!294(3(∀+/!2,(2!∃(∀&(32,(2 9−,(42
+!9/&!6/3&!2 ∀!+/−∀!6(32 :2(8&4!∀≅(4−3ρ2(∋94(3!32
∋%6&/∀!+/−∀!6(3ρ2∃4%9−32 !4∋!,−32 /∀3%4∃(∀&(3ρ2
(62 13&!,−2 (∀2 3%2 ∃%(44!2 +−∀&4!26!2/∀3%4∃(∀+/!Χ2
!9−:!,−29−426−3213&!,−32Ν∀/,−3Χ2+−∋−2(∀2(62+!3−2
,(62;6!∀2∆−6−∋7/!2:2(62;6!∀2;!&4/−&!ρ26−32∃4%9−32
9!4!∋/6/&!4(32&−6(4!,−32:2!9−:!,−329−42(6213&!,−ρ2
∀!4+−&4!∗/+!∀&(3ρ2∋/∀(4−326(∃!6(32(2/6(∃!6(3ρ2:26!2
4(3/3&(∀+/!2,(26−32∋−./∋/(∀&−323−+/!6(32+!∋9(3/<
∀−32(2/∀,5∃(∀!32α
∃∀,2
Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ#2
∆−∋94(∀,(42(3&(294−+(3−2,(26!4∃!2,%4!+/>∀2/∋96/<
+!2!4&/+%6!46−2,(∀&4−2,(26!32,/∀π∋/+!32,(62∋−,(6−2
3−+/!6Χ2(+−∀>∋/+−2:29−65&/+−2+!9/&!6/3&!Χ2&!∀&−2(∀2
3%32.(43/−∀(324(∃%6!+/−∀/3&!32+−∋−2∀(−6/7(4!6(3Χ2
=%(20!2,−∋/∀!,−2(∀2∆−6−∋7/!2:2=%(2!62,5!2,(20−:2
3(2(4/∃(2+−∋−2∋−,(6−20(∃(∋>∀/+−Χ29(∀(&4!∀,−2(∀2
&−,−326−32&(44/&−4/−32:23−∋(&/(∀,−2!62(8&(4∋/∀/−2
+%!6=%/(42∋−,!6/,!,2!6&(4∀!&/.!2,(24(6!+/−∀(32:2
−4∃!∀/?!+/>∀23−+/!6Χ2:2,(24(6!+/−∀(32,(26!23−+/(,!,2
+−∀26!2∀!&%4!6(?!#2Ν∀2(∀∗−=%(2,(3,(26!2∃(−∃4!∗5!2
+45&/+!2(32∗%∀,!∋(∀&!62∀−23−6−29!4!2,(3(∀&4!Β!42
6!32 4(6 !+/−∀(3 2 94−∗%∀, !32 (∀&4 (2 6!32 ∗−4 ∋!32 ,(2
−+%9!+/>∀2,(62&(44/&−4/−Χ26!294−,%++/>∀23−+/!62,(62
(39!+/−2:26!324(6!+/−∀(32,(29−,(42/∋74/+!,!32(∀2
ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
49
,/+0−294−+(3−Χ23/∀−2 9!4!26−∃4!426!2+−∋94(∀3/>∀2
∀(+(3!4/!29!4!20!66!426!2(3(∀+/!2,(62+−∀∗6/+&−Χ23%32
+!%3!32:23%32+−∀3(+%(∀+/!3Χ2:29!4!2(∀+−∀&4!426!32
3!6/,!32=%(2 9(4∋/&!∀2∗−4&!6(+(426−3294−+(3−32,(2
9!?2=%(23(2!,(6!∀&!∀2 :2 =%(2 3−∀2 +4%+/!6(32 9!4!2
&−,!326!324(∃/−∀(32,(629!53#
1∀2(62 +!3−2,(2 ;%&%∋!:−Χ2,/.(43!32/∀3&/&%+/−∀(32
(∀&4(26!32=%(2+!7(2∋(∀+/−∀!426!2Η∃(∀+/!2,(26!32
φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!329!4!2 6−32 ε(∗%∃/!,−32α
!∃∀∗%
;#
3#2∗#χΧ26!2Λ/3/>∀2,(2Τ73(4.!+/>∀216(+&−4!62α
,&−
Χ2
3#2∗#χΧ26!2Μ%∀,!+/>∀2Ξ,(!329!4!26!2;!?2α
:(5
Χ2ΘΖΓ⊥χΧ2
6!2ϑ(∗(∀3−45!2 ,(62 ;%(76−2αΘΖΓΘχΧ2 6!2Τ∗/+/∀!2,(2
6!32φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!32 +−∀&4!2 6!2 ϑ4−∃!2:2 (62 ϑ(<
6/&−2 α
∗∀&1&∃
Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ2 :2(62∆(∀&4−2φ!+/−∀!62 ,(2
Λ(∋−4/!2 σ/3&>4/+!2 α
∃∀,2
Χ2ΘΖΓ[χΧ2 ,!∀2+%(∀&!2
(∀23%32/∀∗−4∋(32,(26!32,/∀π∋/+!323−+/−(39!+/!6(32
:2&(44/&−4/!6(32 0(∃(∋>∀/+!32 =%(2 (3&4%+&%4!∀2:2
!4&/+%6!∀26−3294−+(3−32,(2!.!∀+(2,(62+!9/&!6/3∋−2
(∀23%32,/3&/∀&!32∋−,!6/,!,(326(∃!6(32(2/6(∃!6(3ρ2,(2
6!32&(∀3/−∀(32:2+−∀∗6/+&−32&(44/&−4/!6(32∃(∀(4!,−32
9−42(3&!32,/∀π∋/+!3ρ2,(62+−∀∗6/+&−2 !4∋!,−2:2 6!2
./−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!29−76!+/>∀ρ2,(62,(396!?!∋/(∀&−2
∗−4?!,−ρ2,(26−32+45∋(∀(32,(2∃%(44!2:26!2./−6!+/>∀2
,(26−32,(4(+0−320%∋!∀−3#2ϑ(62∋/3∋−2∋−,−Χ20!+(∀2
4(∗(4(∀+/!2!26!32,/∀π∋/+!323−+/−(39!+/!6(32:2&(44/<
&−4/!6(32,(24(3/3&(∀+/!2,(26−32∋−./∋/(∀&−323−+/!6(32
:2,(26!32+−∋%∀/,!,(32/∀,5∃(∀!3Χ2!∗4−+−6−∋7/!∀!32
:2+!∋9(3/∀!3#
Ω(&!∀+−%4&2αΘΖΓ[Χ29#2ΡΓΖχ2/,(∀&/∗/+!23(/32,/∀π∋/+!32
3−+/−(39!+/!6(320(∃(∋>∀/+!32=%(2+!4!+&(4/?!∀26!2
94−,%++/>∀23−+/!62 ,(62 (39!+/−2:2 (62&(44/&−4/−2(∀2
;%&%∋!:−Χ2,(2+%:!32 &(∀3/−∀(323%4∃(2(62 +−∀∗6/+<
&−2(∀23%32 ,/.(43!32 ∋−,!6/,!,(3Φ2Γχ2 6!2 ,/∀π∋/+!2
3−+/−(39!+/!62 ,(2 6!2 ∋/∀(45!ρ2 Θχ2 6!2,/∀π∋/+!2 3−<
+/−(39!+/!62,(2 6−32 ∋−∀−+%6&/.−3ρ2Ρχ2 6!2,/∀π∋/+!2
3−+/−(39!+/!62,(629(&4>6(−ρ2⊥χ26!2,/∀π∋/+!23−+/−(3<
9!+/!62,(26!2+−+!ρ2[χ26!2,/∀π∋/+!23−+/−(39!+/!62,(2
6!2∃!∀!,(45!ρ2 :2βχ2 6!2,/∀π∋/+!23−+/−(39!+/!62 ,(62
+!9/&!6/3∋−2.(4,(#2
Ο!2+−7(4&%4!2(39!+/!62:26!23−74(9−3/+/>∀2,(2(3&!32
,/∀π∋/+!32(32∗%(∀&(2,(2&(∀3/−∀(32:2+−∀∗6/+&−329−42
(62+−∀&4−62&(44/&−4/!6Χ2:!2=%(2(3&!32+−44(39−∀,(∀2
!2/∀&(4(3(32 +−∀&4!9%(3&−32 (∀&4(2 (62+!9/&!62 :2 6!32
+−∋%∀/,!,(3Χ2!62&/(∋9−2=%(2∃(∀(4!∀2%∀!294−76(<
∋π&/+!23−+/−!∋7/(∀&!62 :2 9−65&/+!2∋%:2 +−∋96(≅!2
,(7/,−2!26!294(3/>∀2,(62∋−,(6−2(+−∀>∋/+−2(8&4!+<
&/./3&!23−74(26−324(+%43−32∀!&%4!6(3Χ26!2!+&/./,!,2
,(62∀!4+−&4π∗/+−2:26−32+%6&/.−32,(2(3&%9(∗!+/(∀&(3Χ2
:2 6!32 +−∀∗4−∀&!+/−∀(32 !4∋!,!32 9−42 (62 +−∀&4−62
(+−∀>∋/+−Χ23−+/!6Χ29−65&/+−2:2∋/6/&!42(∀&4(26!2∃%(<
44/66!Χ26−329!4!∋/6/&!4(32:2(62(≅ο4+/&−Χ23/&%!+/>∀2=%(2
∃(∀(4>2./−6!+/>∀2,(26−32,(4(+0−320%∋!∀−32,(26!2
9−76!+/>∀2+/./6Χ2&!62+−∋−23(2(./,(∀+/!2(∀26!32!++/−<
∀(32,(26!2∗%(4?!29Ε76/+!2=%(2(∀2(62∋!4+−2,(62;6!∀2
∆−6−∋7/!2&−6(4>2:2+−−9(4>2+−∀26−329!4!∋/6/&!4(32
αϑ(∗(∀3−45!2,(62;%(76−2ε(∃/−∀!62;%&%∋!:−Χ2ΘΖΓΘρ2
∃∀,2
Χ2ΘΖΓ[ρ2
∗∀&1∃
Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ#2
Ο!23/&%!+/>∀294(3(∀&(2∀−29!4(+(2 /∀,/+!42∀/∀∃Ε∀2
∃/4−2−2+!∋7/−2(∀26!2./3/>∀2,(6213&!,−2:2,(62+!9/<
&!623−74(2(629!9(62,(2 ;%&%∋!:−2+−∋−2&(44/&−4/−2
(3&4!&ο∃/+−2 :2 9%∀&!62 ,(62 ∋−,(6−2 ,(2 ,(3!44−66−2
(8&4 !+&/./3& !Χ2 =%(2 3/ ∃%(2 3/(∀ ,−2 6!2 7!3( 2 ,(2 3%2
/∋!∃/∀!+/>∀2∃(−∃4π∗/+!23−74(2(62,(9!4&!∋(∀&−2:2
(∀2∃(∀(4!623−74(26!24(∃/>∀2!∋!?>∀/+!#2Η62∋(∀−32
(3!2(326!265∀(!2=%(23(23/∃%(2(∀26!2∗−4∋%6!+/>∀2,(2
6!32(3&4!&(∃/!32,(2,(3!44−66−2:2(∀26!32!++/−∀(32=%(2
3(2+−∀3/,(4!∀2∀(+(3!4/!329!4!2!6+!∀?!426!32∋(&!32
94−9%(3&!32 (∀2 (62 ;6!∀2 φ!+/−∀!62 ,(2 ϑ(3!44−66−2
ΘΖΓ[,(26!2Η3−+/!+/>∀2Λ/∀∃!2
αΘΖΓ[χ2∋!∀&/(∀(2:20!3&!294−∗%∀,/?!2(62 ∋−,(6−2
(8&4!+&/./3&!27!3!,−2(∀2(629(&4>6(−2:26!2∋/∀(45!Χ2
9−65&/+!2=%(2 ∗!.−4(+(26−32/∀&(4(3(32 ,(2(∋94(3!32
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
50
&4!∀3∀!+/−∀!6(32:2∃(∀(4!2(62,(39−≅−2,(26!32+−∋%<
∀/,!,(32:26!2./−6!+/>∀2,(23%32,(4(+0−3#
III. Las mujeres desaparecidas en Putu-
mayo
A. ¿Cuántas mujeres están desaparecidas en el
Putumayo?
Σ(∀/(∀,−2(∀2+%(∀&!26!32+−∋96(≅/,!,(32+−∀24(6!<
+/>∀2!26!32+/∗4!32,(2,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32=%(2 0!∀23/,−2
,/3+%& /,!32 (∀2 −& 4!32 −9−4 &%∀/,!, (32 αΠ%!&!∋ (Χ2
ΘΖΓ[χΧ23(294(3(∀&!∀2!2+−∀&/∀%!+/>∀2!6∃%∀−32,!&−32
3−74(2∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!4(+/,!32(∀2(62,(9!4&!∋(∀&−2
,(62 ;%&%∋!:−#2 Ο!2 /∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2 94−./(∀(2 ,(2 6!2
7!3(2,(2 ,!&−32
4(%1−∃
2αΑ/3&(∋!2 ,(2Ξ∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2
ε(,2,(2ϑ(3!9!4(+/,−32:2∆!,π.(4(3χΧβ29−423(42(62
4(9−3/&−4/−2 ,(2 /∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2−∗/+/!62,(29(43−∀!32
,(3!9!4(+/,!32(∀2(62 9!532:2(3&!42!++(3/76(2!629Ε<
76/+−2!2&4!.ο32,(23%296!&!∗−4∋!2Υ(7#δ
Η2∀/.(62∀!+/−∀!6Χ2(62,(9!4&!∋(∀&−2,(62;%&%∋!:−2
−+%9!2(62=%/∀&−26%∃!42(∀24(9−4&(2,(2,(3!9!4/+/−<
∀(32∗−4?!,!32,(2∋%≅(4(3Χ2,(39%ο32,(2Η∀&/−=%/!Χ2
φ!4/Β−Χ2Λ(&!2:2γ!66(2,(62∆!%+!2αΠ%!&!∋(Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ#2
162
4(%1−∃
24(9−4&!2−∗/+/!6∋(∀&(2%∀2&−&!62,(2Θ_Γ2
∋%≅(4(32 ,(3!9!4(+/,!32(∀2 (62 ;%&%∋!:−Χ_2,(2 6!32
+%!6(32Γ⊥θ2+−44(39−∀,(∀2!2 ,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32 94(<
3%∀&!∋(∀&(2∗−4?!,!3Χ2+/∗4!2=%(2(=%/.!6(2!62[Ρ2ξ2
,(26−32+!3−324(9−4&!,−32(∀2(62,(9!4&!∋(∀&−#
1∀2(62 ,(3!44−66−2,(62 &4!7!≅−2,(2 /∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀23(2
,−+%∋(∀&!4−∀2,/4(+&!∋(∀&(2⊥⊥2+!3−32,(2∋%≅(4(32
,(3!9!4(+/,!3#213&(2+−∀3−6/,!,−24(3%6&>2,(62+4%+(2
,(2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2 ,(2 6−32+!3−324(9−4&!,−32 9−42 6!2
Η6/!∀?!2,(2Λ%≅(4(32,(62;%&%∋!:−2 Σ(≅(,−4!32 ,(2
γ/,!Χ26!2Μ%∀,!+/>∀2φ:,/!214/ς!2Ω!%&/3&!29!4!26−32
ϑ(4(+0−32σ%∋!∀−32 α
:∀−6
χΧ2(62 Ω!∀+−2 ,(2ϑ!&−32
,(62∆(∀&4−2,(2Ξ∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀2:21,%+!+/>∀2;−9%6!42
α∆/∀(9χΧ26!24(./3/>∀2,(2∀−&!32,(294(∀3!2:26−32+!3−32
4(9−4&!,−329−426−32∗!∋/6/!4(329!4&/+/9!∀&(32(∀26−32
&!66(4(32 4(!6/?!,−3#2Α/∀2 (∋7!4∃−Χ2,(26−32⊥⊥2 +!3−32
,−+%∋(∀&!,−323−6−2(62[Ζ2ξ23(2(∀+%(∀&4!∀24(∃/3<
&4!,−32(∀2(62
4(%1−∃
#213&!23/&%!+/>∀24(∗6(≅!2=%(26!32
+/∗4!324(9−4&!,!329−42(3&(23/3&(∋!2,(2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2
∀−24(94(3(∀&!∀26!2&−&!6/,!,2,(26!32.5+&/∋!3Χ2:2=%(2
(6294−76(∋!2,(23%74(∃/3&4−2,(2+!3−32(32%∀!24(!6/,!,2
=%(2(3&π26(≅−32,(23(423%9(4!,!#2ϑ(2(3&!32⊥⊥2∋%≅(4(32
,(3!9!4(+/,!3Χ2%∀!2∗%(20!66!,!2+−∀2./,!Χθ23/(&(2∗%(<
4−∀20!66!,!32∋%(4&!32:2Ρβ2+−∀&/∀Ε!∀2,(3!9!4(+/,!3#
∆−∋−23(2!94(+/!2(∀26!2∗/∃%4!2ΓΧ26!2∋!:−45!2,(26!32
,(3!9!4/+/−∀(323(26−+!6/?!∀2(∀26!2 4(∃/>∀2,(62Ω!≅−2
;%&%∋!:−2α∋%∀/+/9/−32,(2Τ4/&−Χ2γ!66(2,(62Π%!∋%(?2
:2Α!∀2Λ/∃%(6χΧ2&(44/&−4/−2+45&/+−2(∀2(62+−∀∗6/+&−2(∀&4(2
∃%(44/66!Χ29!4!∋/6/&!4(32:2(≅ο4+/&−2,!,!26!2/∋9−4&!∀<
+/!2(3&4!&ο∃/+!294(./!∋(∀&(23(Β!6!,!#
β#2 Ο!27!3(2,(2,!&−32,(62
4(%1−∃
20!+(29!4&(2,(62ε(∃/3&4−2φ!+/−∀!62 ,(2ϑ(3!9!4(+/,−3Χ2=%(2(32!,∋/∀/3&4!,−29−42(62
Ξ∀3&/&%&−2φ!+/−∀!62
,(2Λ(,/+/∀!2Ο(∃!62:2∆/(∀+/!32Μ−4(∀3(32α(∀,∋∃:χ
#
?≅# 0&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#∋(,/+/∀!6(∃!6#∃−.#+−∴4(,
_#2 ϑ!&−32!2Γ⊥2,(2!74/62,(2ΘΖΓβ#
θ#2 13&(2+!3−23(24(9−4&!2(∀2(62∋%∀/+/9/−2,(2Α!∀2Λ/∃%(6Χ2(∀2,−∀,(2∃4!+/!32!26!2/∀&(4.(∀+/>∀2,(62∆−∋/&ο2Ξ∀&(4∀!+/−∀!62,(26!2∆4%?2ε−≅!23(2
4(3+!&>2%∀!2≅−.(∀2=%(20!75!23/,−2,(3!9!4(+/,!29−426−329!4!∋/6/&!4(32≅%∀&−2+−∀23%32&4(3294/∋!3#2Α%3294/∋!32+−∀&/∀Ε!∀2,(3!9!4(+/,!3#
ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
51
Μ/∃%4!2Γ#2Λ!9!2,(2,/3&4/7%+/>∀2,(26!32,(3!9!4/<
+/−∀(32∗−4?!,!32 ,(2∋%≅(4(32 (∀2(62 ,(9!4&!∋(∀&−2
,(62;%&%∋!:−Χ23(∃Ε∀2,!&−32−∗/+/!6(32,(62
4(%1−∃
2
16!7−4>Φ2∆!∋/6−2∆!3&4−2Π!4?>∀#
1∀2(62,(3!44−66−2,(26−32&!66(4(32+−∀2∗!∋/6/!4(32,(2
6!32.5+&/∋!323(24(!6/?!4−∀2(≅(4+/+/−32,(2+!4&−∃4!∗5!2
3−+/!6ΧΓΖ2!2&4!.ο32,(26−32+%!6(323(2/,(∀&/∗/+!4−∀26!32
!+&/./,!,(32(+−∀>∋/+!32,(26!24(∃/>∀Χ26!32?−∀!32,(2
94(3(∀+/!2,(2∃4%9−32!4∋!,−3Χ2:2 !=%(66!32 π4(!32
(∀2,−∀,(23(294(3(∀&!4−∀2 6!32 ,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32 ,(2
∋%≅(4(3#2Ο!2+!4&−∃4!∗5!24(.(6!2=%(2 6!32?−∀!32,(2
,(3!9!4/+/>∀2 3−∀2 +−/∀+/,(∀&(32+−∀2 !=%(66!32 (∀2
,−∀,(23(2+−∀3−6/,>2(62,−∋/∀/−29!4!∋/6/&!4Χ2+%:!2
%7/+!+/>∀2!23%2.(?2(3&π2!3−+/!,!2!26!294(3(∀+/!2,(2
+%6&/.−32,(2+−+!#21∀2(3&!2?−∀!Χ2!,(∋π3Χ23(2%7/+!∀2
7!&(45!32,(24(+(9+/>∀2,(29(&4>6(−Χ27!&!66−∀(32!∀<
&/∀!4+>&/+−32:2?−∀!32,(24(3(4.!2/∀,5∃(∀!Χ26−2+%!62
+−∀∗/4∋!26!32 &(∀3/−∀(32:2+−∀∗6/+&−32&(44/&−4/!6(32
96!∀&(!,−329−426!2∆−∀&4!6−45!2Π(∀(4!62,(26!2ε(<
9Ε76/+!2α
∃)%
Χ2ΘΖΓ⊥χ2+−∀24(6!+/>∀2!26!32,/∀π∋/+!32
,(2,(396!?!∋/(∀&−2∗−4?!,−2:24(3&/&%+/>∀2,(2&/(44!32
(∀2∆−6−∋7/!#
∆−∋−23(2!94(+/!2(∀26!2∗/∃%4!2ΘΧ26!2∋!:−45!2,(26−32
⊥⊥2+!3−32,−+%∋(∀&!,−32 3%+(,/(4−∀2 (∀&4(2 Γθθθ2
:2ΘΖΖβΧ2 9(4/−,−2 =%(2 +−/∀+/,(2 +−∀2 6!2 94(3(∀+/!2
9!4!∋/6/&!4#2Α−6−2%∀2 (.(∀&−2,(2,(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗%(2
4(9−4&!,−2+−∀29−3&(4/−4/,!,2!2ΘΖΖβΧ2!Β−2(∀2=%(23(2
,/−26!2,(3∋−./6/?!+/>∀2,(62Ω6−=%(2Α%42;%&%∋!:−2
,(26!32
!∗∃
#2Ο−32(.(∀&−32,(2,(3!9!4/+/>∀2−+%44/,−32
!∀&(32,(2Γθθθ23−∀2!&4/7%/,−32!26!2∃%(44/66!2,(26!32
:!%∃
2:23(24(9−4&!∀2(∀2∋%∀/+/9/−32,(62∋(,/−2;%<
&%∋!:−2αγ/66!2Π!4?>∀2:2;%(4&−2∆!/+(,−χ#2
Μ/∃%4!2Θ#2φΕ∋(4−2!∀%!62,(2,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32,−+%<
∋(∀&!,!32(∀2(62∋!4+−2,(26!2/∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀Χ23(∃Ε∀2
94(3%∀&−324(39−∀3!76(3
Μ%(∀&(Φ2(6!7−4!+/>∀294−9/!#
1∀&4(2(∀(4−2,(2ΘΖΖβ2:2!∃−3&−2,(2ΘΖΓ⊥26!2Ν∀/,!,2
φ!+/−∀!62,(2λ%3&/+/!2Σ4!∀3/+/−∀!62α!∀&(32λ%3&/+/!2:2
ΓΖ#21∀2 &−&!62 3(24(!6/?!4−∀2 +/∀+−2 ∋!9!329!46!∀&(32 (∀2 (62(≅(4+/+/−2 ,(3!44−66!,−2 (∀2≅%∀/−2 ,(2ΘΖΓ[Χ2 (∀2 (62∋%∀/+/9/−2 ,(2 ;%(4&−2 Η353#2
13&−32∋!9!32 :2 6!2+!4&−∃4!∗5!2 4(3%6&!∀&(2 9%(,(∀23(42 +−∀3%6&!,−32 (∀Φ20&&9Φ∴∴∋!(3&4/!(∀+/(∀+/!39(∀!6(3:∗−4(∀3(3#76−∃39−+−∋#
+−∴ΘΖΓβ∴Ζ[∴6!
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
52
;!?χ2,(26!2
:)∀
24(+%9(4>2%∀2&−&!62,(2Θβ⊥2+!,π.(4(32
(3=%(6(&/?!,−32,(2 ∋%≅(4(32(∀2&−,−2 (62&(44/&−4/−2
φ!+/−∀!62αΠ%!&!∋(Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ#2 139(+5∗/+!∋(∀&(2 (∀2
(62,(9!4&!∋(∀&−2,(62;%&%∋!:−23(2 4(+%9(4!4−∀2
(∀2 (3& (2 9(4/− ,−2 Ρθ2 +! ,π.(4( 32 (3=%( 6(&/?! ,−32
,(2∋%≅(4(3Χ2 3/(∀,−26!2 ∋!:−42+/∗4!2 4(9−4&!,!2 (∀2
(629!53#2Α/2 3(2 +−∋9!4!2 (62 ∀Ε∋(4−2 ,(2 +!,π.(4(32
0!66!,−32+−∀26−32,!&−32,(2∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!4(+/,!32
(∀+−∀&4!,!32∋%(4&!3Χ24(∃/3&4!,!32(∀2 (62
4(%1−∃2
αΘ[χΧ23(2/,(∀&/∗/+!2%∀!2,/∗(4(∀+/!2,(2Γθ2+!3−32=%(2
9−,45!2+−44(39−∀,(42!2+!,π.(4(32=%(2!Ε∀2∀−20!∀2
3/,−2/,(∀&/∗/+!,−3Χ2!2,/∗(4(∀+/!32(∀26!2&(∋9−4!6/,!,2
4(9−4&!,!Χ2−2!2%∀!2∗!66!2(∀26!23/∀+4−∀/?!+/>∀2,(26!32
7!3(32,(2,!&−32,(26!2
:)∀
2:2,(62
4(%1−∃
#
1∀2+%!6=%/(42+!3−Χ2(32/∋9−4&!∀&(2∋(∀+/−∀!42=%(2
6!24(+%9(4!+/>∀2,(2Ρθ2+%(49−32(∀2(62,(9!4&!∋(∀<
&−24(94(3(∀&!2 !9(∀!32 (62Θ_#⊥2ξ2,(2 6!32∋%≅(4(32
4(∃/3&4!,!32(∀2(62
4(%1−∃
2+−∋−2 ,(3!9!4(+/,!32
∗−4?!,!∋(∀&(2αΠ%!&!∋(Χ2ΘΖΓ[χΧ2:2=%(2(3&−320!<
66!?∃−323(2,/(4−∀2 94/∋−4,/!6∋(∀&(2,%4!∀&(26−32
+%!&4−294/∋(4−32 !Β−32 ,(2 &4!7!≅−2 ,(62 ∃4%9−2 ,(2
(80%∋!+/−∀(32,(2λ%3&/+/!2Σ4!∀3/+/−∀!62αΘΖΖβ2!2
ΘΖΖθχ#213&−2(./,(∀+/!26!2 9−+!2(∗(+&/./,!,2(∀2(62
0!66!?∃−2,(2+%(49−32,(2∋%≅(4(32(∀26−32Ε6&/∋−32
!Β−3#
B. ¿Quiénes son estas mujeres desaparecidas en
el Putumayo?
Ν∀!2,(26!32,/∗/+%6&!,(32(∀2 6!2,−+%∋(∀&!+/>∀2,(2
6−32+!3−32 ,(2∋%≅(4(32 ,(3!9!4(+/,!32(32 6!2(3+!3!2
/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2(8/3&(∀&(23−74(23%320/3&−4/!32,(2./,!#2
Η29(3!42,(2=%(24(+/(∀&(∋(∀&(23(20!∀2/∀&4−,%+/<
,−2(∀26!32 7!3(32,(2,!&−32 !6∃%∀!32.!4/!76(32=%(2
,!∀2+%(∀&!2,(26!32 +!4!+&(453&/+!32,(2 6!2 .5+&/∋!2
α94/∀+/9!6∋(∀&(2∃ο∀(4−2:29(4&(∀(∀+/!2ο&∀/+!χΧ2(32
∗4(+%(∀&(2(∀+−∀&4!42!6∃%∀!32(∀26!32=%(2∀−2(32∗π+/62
,(3!∃4(∃!42/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2(39(+5∗/+!23−74(2∋%≅(4(32
,(3!9!4(+/,!3Χ2∀−23−6−2+−∀24(6!+/>∀2!26!2.!4/!76(2
∃ο∀(4−Χ23/∀−2!23%2−+%9!+/>∀2:2+−∀,/+/>∀23−+/!6Χ2,(2
∋!∀(4!2=%(23(!29−3/76(2,(3+4/7/42=%/ο∀(32∗%(4−∀2
6!32.5+&/∋!32:23/2!,(∋π32,(23%2+−∀,/+/>∀2,(2∋%<
≅(4(32(8/3&/(4−∀2−&4−32 ∗!+&−4(32=%(2 !%∋(∀&!4−∀2
3%2.%6∀(4!7/6/,!,#2
1∀26−32+!3−32=%(2∗%(4−∀2,−+%∋(∀&!,−32,%4!∀&(2
6−32&!66(4(324(!6/?!,−323(2&%.−26!2−9−4&%∀/,!,2,(2
94(∃%∀&!42!26−32∗!∋/6/!4(323−74(2(3&!320/3&−4/!32:2
4(+−∃(42!6∃%∀−32,!&−327/−∃4π∗/+−3Χ29(4−2(∀26−32=%(2
∗%(4−∀2,−+%∋(∀&!,−32!2&4!.ο32,(2−&4!32∗%(∀&(323(2
−7&%.−23−6−2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀23−74(2∀−∋74(32:2∗(+0!32
,(2,(3!9!4/+/>∀#
1∀23%2∋!:−45!Χ26!32∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!4(+/,!32(∀26!24(<
∃/>∀2,(62Λ(,/−2:2Ω!≅−2;%&%∋!:−2(4!∀2+!∋9(3/∀!32
,(,/+!,!32!26!2!∃4/+%6&%4!Χ26!2+45!2,(2 !∀/∋!6(32:2
6!7−4(32,−∋ο3&/+!3#2ϑ(2!=%(66!32,(26!32=%(23(29%,−2
,−+%∋(∀&!426!2(,!,Χ2 4(3%6&>2 =%(2 +−44(39−∀,(∀2
(∀23%2∋!:−45!2!2∋(∀−4(32,(2ΡΖ2!Β−3#2Η6∃%∀!32,(2
(66!32(4!∀2(3&%,/!∀&(32,(27!+0/66(4!&−Χ2−&4!32!∋!32
,(2+!3!Χ2(∀2!6∃%∀−32+!3−32&4!7!≅!,−4!323(8%!6(3Χ2
:2+!3/2&−,!32∋!,4(32,(2∋(∀−4(3#
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4−∀2+!%3!,!329−426!2!+%3!+/>∀2,(2&(∀(424(6!+/−∀(32
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∋/(∋74−32,(26!2∃%(44/66!Χ2!9!4(∀&(∋(∀&(2 ∋!∀/<
∗/(3&!32(∀23%26/,(4!?∃−2+−∋%∀/&!4/−Χ2!352+−∋−29−42
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6(32+−∀2/∀&(∃4!∀&(32,(62∃4%9−2!4∋!,−#2Τ&4!323(2
4(9−4 &!∀2 +−∋−2 4 (3%6&!,−2 , (2 /∀∗−4∋! +/>∀2 =%(2
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
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53
13&−32∗!+&−4(32Ι+!%3!6(3Κ2 ,(2 6!2 ,(3!9!4/+/>∀2,(2
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9−426−329!4!∋/6/&!4(3Χ23/∀−2=%(23(2(8&(∀,/(4−∀2:2
∗%(4−∀2!+(9&!,−32 9−426!2 +−∋%∀/,!,2(∀2 ∃(∀(4!6#2
;−42(3&(2∋−&/.−Χ2(∀2 ∋%+0!32−+!3/−∀(32 6!2∋%(4<
&(2−2 6!2 ,(3!9!4/+/>∀2,(2 !6∃%∀!32 ∋%≅(4(32∀−2 ∗%(2
+%(3&/−∀!,!2∀/2,(∀%∀+/!,!Χ2:2 (∀2 (62 +!3−2 ,(2 6!32
!%&−4/,!,(3Χ2/∀.(3&/∃!,!Χ2:!2=%(23(2+−∀3/,(4>2=%(2
0!75!2∋−&/.−32≅%3&/∗/+!,−329!4!2=%(2(3&!23/&%!+/>∀2
0%7/(4!2−+%44/,−2:2=%(26!32∋%≅(4(32.5+&/∋!32(4!∀2
4(39−∀3!76(32,(26−2=%(26(323%+(,/>#2
C. Otras mujeres víctimas fatales
Η,/+/−∀!6∋(∀&(2!26−32 +!3−32 ,(2,(3!9!4/+/>∀Χ23(2
,−+%∋(∀&!4−∀2Ρ⊥20−∋/+/,/−32,(2∋%≅(4(3Χ2,(26−32
+%!6(32 !62 ∋(∀−32 Γ[2 +−44(39−∀,(∀2 !2 +!,π.(4(32
∗(∋(∀/∀−32/∀0%∋!,−323/∀2/,(∀&/∗/+!+/>∀2(∀26−32+(<
∋(∀&(4/−326−+!6(32,(2!6∃%∀−32+−44(∃/∋/(∀&−32,(62
γ!66(2,(62Π%!∋%(?2αΟ!2σ−4∋/∃!χ2:2Α!∀2Λ/∃%(62
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∋!,!323/∀2/,(∀&/,!,Χ2(4!∀2&4!7!≅!,−4!323(8%!6(32
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=%(294−6/∗(4!4−∀2(∀2(62Ω!≅−2;%&%∋!:−2+−∀26!27−<
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σ−−.(42αΘΖΓΓΧ29#2ββχΧ2:2∋−&/.>2!2∋%+0!32,(2(66!32
!2=%(4(42(3+!9!43(#2φ!44!26!2(∀&4(./3&!,!2=%(2(∀2
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(629!&/−2,(2%∀!2+!3!#2αΟ−?!∀−Χ2ΘΖΖδχ#
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∋!3!+4(2,(62+−44(∃/∋/(∀&−2,(2162Σ/∃4(Χ2−+%44/,!2
(62θ2,(2(∀(4−2,(2Γθθθ#
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2
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!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
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: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
54
D. ¿Qué les sucedió a las mujeres desaparecidas
y asesinadas?
Σ!∀&−2,%4!∀&(26!2ο9−+!2,(2,−∋/∀/−2,(26!32
:!%∃
2
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&(42∗!&!6Χ2+−∋−2(∀2(62+!3−2,(26−320−∋/+/,/−32:26!32
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∋%≅(4(3Χ2(4!∀2∋%+0−29(−4(32=%(26−2=%(23(2././>2
,%4!∀&(2(62,−∋/∀/−2,(26!2∃%(44/66!#
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
55
ϑ(∀&4−2,(26−32&4!&−32/∀0%∋!∀−32
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3(∋!∀!3#2
E. El proceso de búsqueda y denuncia
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γ5+&/∋!32:2ε(3&/&%+/>∀2,(2Σ/(44!3#
Ο!32 ∗!∋/6/!4(32 ∋!∀/∗(3&!4−∀2 =%(2 (62 94−+(3−2 ,(2
,(∀%∀+/!2&%.−2%∀!23(4/(2,(2/∀+−∀.(∀/(∀&(3Χ2:!2=%(2
∀/∀∃%∀!2/∀3&/&%+/>∀2−∗4(+5!2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2+6!4!2,(2
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σ!3&!26!2∗(+0!26!2∋!:−45!2,(2(3&!32∋%≅(4(32,/≅(<
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!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
56
6!32(∀&/,!,(323−74(2+>∋−20!2!.!∀?!,−2(6294−+(3−2
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+!6/?!+/>∀2,(26!32∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!4(+/,!3Χ2−2+%π6(32
!++/−∀(323(20!∀2,(3!44−66!,−29!4!27%3+!46!3#
Η29(3!42,(26!32,(∀%∀+/!32=%(2∗/∀!6∋(∀&(29%,/(4−∀2
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∀/∀∃%∀!26!7−42 ,(27Ε3=%(,!#213&!2 ,(∋−4!2(∀2(62
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,/,!2,(2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀24(6(.!∀&(29!4!26!26−+!6/?!+/>∀2
,(26!32∋%≅(4(3#
F. ¿Cuáles fueron las consecuencias de la des-
aparición forzada y el homicidio de las mujeres?
Σ!∀&−26!2!%3(∀+/!2,(26!32∋%≅(4(32+−∋−26!32+/4+%∀3<
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Η%∀=%(2+−∋−23(20!2∋(∀+/−∀!,−2!∀&(3Χ2.!4/!32,(2
(66!32+−∀&(∋96!∀26!2∋%(4&(2+−∋−2%∀!2−9+/>∀Χ26!2
(39(4!∀?!2,(20!66!46!32+−∀2./,!23(2∋!∀&/(∀(2./<
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∋(∀&!6#2
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ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
57
6!2 !%3(∀+/!2 ,(2 /∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2 3−74(2 6!2 /,(∀&/,!,2
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Χ2ΘΖΓΘχ#2
IV. Evaluación de la respuesta institucional,
a la luz de la experiencia de las víctimas
A. La brecha entre la normatividad y su ejercicio
material
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
58
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9(43−∀(45!32∋%∀/+/9!6(3Χ26−2=%(2,(∀−&!2=%(2&!∋<
9−+−20!:2+6!4/,!,23−74(26!32+−∋9(&(∀+/!32,(2(3&!32
(∀&/,!,(32∀/23−74(2 6−2 =%(2(66!3Χ2+−∋−2 .5+&/∋!3Χ2
9%(,(∀2,(∋!∀,!46(32(∀2∋!&(4/!2,(2/∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀#
13&!23/&%!+/>∀2(./,(∀+/>2∀−23−6−20!3&!2=%ο29%∀<
&−2 (62∋!4+−2∀−4∋!&/.−2(32,(3+−∀−+/,−2 9−42 6!32
∗!∋/6/!4(3Χ23/∀−26!327!44(4!32 94−.−+!,!329−426!32
6/∋/&!+/−∀(32(+−∀>∋/+!3Χ2 (62!∀!6∗!7(&/3∋−Χ2:2(∀2
(62+!3−2,(26−329%(76−32/∀,5∃(∀!3Χ2(62/,/−∋!Χ29%(32
∀−20!76!∀2(62 (39!Β−6#213&!327!44(4!32∋!&(4/!6(32
/∀∗6%:(∀2/44(∋(,/!76(∋(∀&(2 (∀2 =%(2 3/=%/(4!2(62
+!3−266(∃%(2!23(42+−∀−+/,−29−426!32!%&−4/,!,(3#2
Ο!2 ∗!6& !2 ,(2 +6!4 /,!,2 (∀2 6! 32 4(39−∀ 3!7/6/,! ,(32
/∀3&/&%+/−∀!6(32 ∀−2 3−6−2(32%∀2/∀+−∀.(∀/(∀&(2 ,(2
6!32.5+&/∋!3Χ23/∀−26−2=%(2(32!Ε∀2∋π32∃4!.(Χ2,(26!32
/∀3&/&%+/−∀(32=%(2&/(∀(∀294(3(∀+/!2!2∀/.(624(∃/−∀!6#2
;−42(≅(∋96−Χ2(∀&/,!,(32+−∋−2 6!2 ϑ(∗(∀3−45!2 ,(62
;%(76−2−2(62Ξ∀3&/&%&−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2Λ(,/+/∀!2Ο(∃!62
:2∆/(∀+/!32Μ−4(∀3(32α
(∀,∋∃:
Β2∋(∀+/−∀!∀2&(∀(42
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−&4!32/∀3&/&%+/−∀(32+%!∀,−23(2!+(4+!∀2!23−6/+/&!42
!:%,!2−2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀24(6!+/−∀!,!2+−∀26!27Ε3=%(,!Χ2
+−∀./4&/(∀,−2(62(≅(4+/+/−2,(2,(∀%∀+/!2(∀2%∀!26!4∃!2
&4!.(35!29−426−32,/3&/∀&−32−4∃!∀/3∋−32(3&!&!6(3#2Η6<
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+/(∀&(32,(2=%(2(8/3&(2 %∀!2∃4!.(2,(3!4&/+%6!+/>∀2
/∀3&/&%+/−∀!6Χ2=%(2∃(∀(4!2=%(26!32.5+&/∋!32,(7!∀2
4(+%44/42!2,/∗(4(∀&(32(∀&/,!,(32:294(3(∀&!42%∀!2:2
−&4!2.(?23%2.(43/>∀2,(26−320(+0−329!4!2=%(29%(,!∀2
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4(9!4!+/>∀Χ23/∀2(∋7!4∃−2(3&−2∀−20!24(9(4+%&/,−2(∀2
%∀2+!∋7/−2(∀26!32,/∀π∋/+!32,(2!&(∀+/>∀#
B. La impunidad frente a las investigaciones
1∀2∋!&(4/!2,(2/∋9%∀/,!,2%∀!2,(26!323/&%!+/−∀(32
∋π324(+%44(∀&(32(∀26−32+!3−32,−+%∋(∀&!,−32∗%(2
6!2,(∋−4!2(∀2 (62/∀/+/−2,(2 6!32/∀.(3&/∃!+/−∀(3Χ2 :2
9−3&(4/−4∋(∀&(26!2/∀!+&/./,!,2 /∀≅%3&/∗/+!,!2 ,(62
94−+(3−2/∀.(3&/∃!&/.−#213&−23(24(∗6(≅!2 (∀2(62∀%6−2
,(3!44−66−2,(2!++/−∀(32 %4∃(∀&(32 =%(20%7/(4!∀2
9(4∋ /&/,−2 /, (∀&/∗/ +!42 6−32 4 (39−∀3 !76(32 ,(2 6 !32
,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32:2(3+6!4(+(426−320(+0−32!64(,(,−42
,(2(3&!32 (∀2%∀296!?−2−9−4&%∀−Χ2 ∋(4∋!∀,−2 !352
6−32/∋9!+&−32 ,(26!2 ,(3!9!4/+/>∀29!4!26!2 .5+&/∋!2
,/4(+&!2−2 9!4!23%32 ∗!∋/6/!4(3#21∀2(3&(2+−∀&(8&−Χ2
3(294−∗/4/(4−∀23(∀,!324(3−6%+/−∀(32/∀0/7/&−4/!32(∀2
94−+(3−32(∀26−32=%(2∀−23(20!75!∀2!∃−&!,−26!329−<
3/7/6/,!,(32/∀.(3&/∃!&/.!3Χ2∀(∃!∀,−2,%4!∀&(2!Β−32
6!29−3/7/6/,!,2,(2!++(,(42!26!2≅%3&/+/!2:2∃(∀(4!∀,−2
(∀26!32.5+&/∋!32%∀!294−∗%∀,!2,(3+−∀∗/!∀?!2(∀26!2
/∀3&/&%+/−∀!6/,!,#2
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,(2∃ο∀(4−2,(&(4∋/∀!4−∀2(∀2 ∋%+0−32 +!3−32 (3&!2
/∀!+&/./,!,2(3&!&!62,(3,(2(62+−∋/(∀?−2,(26!2/∀.(3<
&/∃!+/>∀Χ2:!2=%(2 3(2+−∀3&4%:(4−∀2≅%3&/∗/+!+/−∀(32
3−+/!6(329!4!2 6!32,(3!9!4/+/−∀(3Χ2 =%(23(2 4(∗6(≅!∀2
(∀2 !3(.(4!+/−∀(32+−∋−2Ι(66!32 3(2 6−2 7%3+!4−∀ΚΧ2
Ι(3−26(329!3!29−42∃%(44/66(4!3ΚΧ2 (894(3/−∀(32=%(2
+−∀3&/&%:(∀2(∀2352∋/3∋!32%∀!2,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2(∀2(62
!++(3−2!26!2≅%3&/+/!Χ2!62/∋9(,/42+%!6=%/(42/∀&(∀&−2,(2
,(3!44−66!426!2+−44(39−∀,/(∀&(2/∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀2+−∀2
6!294/−4/,!,2:23(4/(,!,2=%(2(3&−32+!3−32∋(4(+(∀#
∆%!∀,−26!2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!623(2∋!∀/∗/(3&!2(∀2∗−4<
∋!32+−∋−26!2,(3∀%,(?2∗−4?!,!Χ29!4(+(20!7(42%∀!2
ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
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59
&(∀,(∀+/!2!2+−∀3/,(4!42=%(26−23%+(,/,−2∀−2(323%∗/<
+/(∀&(∋(∀&(2∃4!.(Χ2−2(∀24(!6/,!,2∀−2+−∀3&/&%:(2%∀2
,(6/&−2=%(2,(7(23(42/∀.(3&/∃!,−Χ23/23(26(2+−∋9!4!2
+−∀26!2∋%(4&(2−26!2./−6!+/>∀#213&!2!94(+/!+/>∀2./−6!2
,/4(+&!∋(∀&(2(62,(4(+0−2,(26!32∋%≅(4(32!2%∀!2./,!2
6/74(2,(2./−6(∀+/!Χ2:2!2=%(23(24(39(&(23%2,(4(+0−2!2
6!2/∀&(∃4/,!,2∗53/+!Χ23(8%!6Χ293/+−6>∃/+!2:2∋−4!6#2
∆−∋−26−20!2/∀,/+!,−26!2
∃(12
2αΘΖΖβΧ29#28//χΧ2(3&−32
∋(+!∀/3∋−32,(2/∋9%∀/,!,29(49(&Ε!∀26!2!+(9&!+/>∀2
3−+/!62,(26!2./−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!32∋%≅(4(3Χ2∗−∋(∀&!∀2
6!24(9(&/+/>∀2,(26!32./−6!+/−∀(32,(2,(4(+0−320%∋!<
∀−32:24(/&(4!∀26!2∀(+(3/,!,2,(2∋(≅−4!426!24(39%(3&!2
≅%,/+/!62,(26−3213&!,−329!4!2+%∋96/4296(∀!∋(∀&(2
+−∀23%2−76/∃!+/>∀2,(2,(7/,!2,/6/∃(∀+/!#
C. Falta de confianza en la institucionalidad
Ο!2+−∋96/+/,!,2:2!=%/(3+(∀+/!2,(26−32!∃(∀&(32,(62
13&!,−2 (∀2 6!2 −+%44(∀+/!2,(26!32,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32
∗−4?!,!32,(2∋%≅(4(320!24(∗−4?!,−26!29(4+(9+/>∀2
,(2 /6( ∃/&/∋/, !,2 ,(2 6!3 2 /∀3&/& %+/−∀(3 2 (3&!&!6( 32
(∀+!4∃!,!32,(2/∋9!4&/42≅%3&/+/!#2 13&!2 3/&%!+/>∀2
&/(∀(24(9(4+%3/−∀(32∀(∃!&/.!32(∀2 (6294−+(3−2,(2
,(∀%∀+/!2:2,−+%∋(∀&!+/>∀2,(26−32+!3−3Χ2!,(∋π32,(2
+−∀66(.!426!24(∀%∀+/!2!2!++(,(42!26−32∋(+!∀/3∋−32
∗−4∋!6(32,(2≅%3&/+/!2:24(9!4!+/>∀#
13&!2,(3+−∀∗/!∀?!23(20!2./3&−2∗−4&!6(+/,!29−426!32
(89(4/(∀+/!32+−&/,/!∀!32,(266(∃!42!26!32/∀3&/&%+/−<
∀(32:2∀−2(∀+−∀&4!42!26−32∗%∀+/−∀!4/−32(∀23%26%∃!42
,(2&4!7!≅−2−24(+/7/42/∀∀%∋(4!76(3294(&(8&−329!4!2
∀−2!&(∀,(42!26!32.5+&/∋!32=%(23(2!+(4+!∀2!2(66−3#2
1∀26!2ο9−+!2(∀26!2=%(23%+(,/(4−∀26−320(+0−3Χ2.!4/−32
!6+!6,(32:29−6/+5!32∋!∀/∗(3&!4−∀2=%(2∀−24(+/75!∀2
6!2,(∀%∀+/!29−4=%(2(3−29−∀5!2(∀24/(3∃−23%32./,!3#2
13&!294(+!4/!24(39%(3&!2/∀3&/&%+/−∀!6294−,%+(2%∀2
,(3∃!3&(2(∋−+/−∀!62(∀26!32∗!∋/6/!4(3Χ2=%(2/∀+/,(2
(∀2=%(2,(3/3&!∀2,(6294−+(3−2∗−4∋!62,(27Ε3=%(,!2
:2&/(∀(2(∗(+&−32,(24(./+&/∋/?!+/>∀#
1∀26−32+!3−32(∀26−32=%(2(∗(+&/.!∋(∀&(23(20!294−,%<
+/,−26!2,(∀%∀+/!2:2∗−4∋!6∋(∀&(23(20!2,!,−2/∀/+/−2
!6294−+(3−2,(27Ε3=%(,!Χ2(62/∀+−∀∗−4∋/3∋−29−42
9!4&(2,(26!32∗!∋/6/!4(32&/(∀(2=%(2.(42+−∀26!2∗!6&!2
,(2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀29−429!4&(2,(26!32!%&−4/,!,(323−74(2
(62(3&!,−2(∀2(62=%(23(2(∀+%(∀&4!2(62+!3−2−23−74(2
6!26−+!6/?!+/>∀2,(26!2.5+&/∋!#2φ/23/=%/(4!2+%!∀,−2
6−32∗!∋/6/!4(320!∀2&(∀/,−26!2/∀/+/!&/.!2,(20!+(42(62
3(∃%/∋/(∀&−26−∃4!∀2−7&(∀(42/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2−∗/+/!6Χ2
9!4&/+%6!4∋(∀&(2,(26!2
:)∀
Χ29−426−2+%!62+−∀3/,(4!∀2
=%(2(62!+&−2,(2,(∀%∀+/!2∗%(2&−&!6∋(∀&(2/∀−+%−#
Τ&4−2∀/.(62,(2,(3+−∀∗/!∀?!23(24(∃/3&4!2(∀26!32−4<
∃!∀/?!+/−∀(32,(2.5+&/∋!32:2,(2,(4(+0−320%∋!∀−32
4(∃/−∀!6(3Χ2 =%/(∀(323(2!73&/(∀(∀2 ,(2 +−∋9!4&/42
+−∀2 6!32 (∀&/,!,(32 9Ε76/+!326!2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2 =%(2
0!∀2−7&(∀/,−294−,%+&−2,(23%2&4!7!≅−2+(4+!∀−2+−∀2
6!32.5+&/∋!3#2Α/27/(∀26!24(3(4.!2:2(62+(6−2,(2(3&!32
−4∃!∀/?!+/−∀(32 +−∀2 4(39(+&−2!26!2 /∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2
4(+−6(+&!,!23−∀2 +−∋94(∀3/76(3Χ2(3&!2 ∗!6&!2,(2 %∀2
∗6%≅−2,(2/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀2,(3,(26!23−+/(,!,2+/./620!+/!2
(6213&!,−2/∀∗6%:(2(∀2!39(+&−32+−∋−2(623%74(∃/3&4−2
,(2.5+&/∋!32(∀26!327!3(32,(2,!&−32−∗/+/!6(3#
D. Inconvenientes con el proceso de Justicia y
Paz
Ν∀−2,(2 6−32∃4!∀,(32/∀+−∀.(∀/(∀&(32+−∀2 (6294−<
+(3−2,(2λ%3&/+/!2:2;!?2(32=%(2(62(3+6!4(+/∋/(∀&−2
,(26−32,(6/&−32,(9(∀,(2,(62&(3&/∋−∀/−2:26!27%(∀!2
.−6%∀&!,2,(26−329−3&%6!,−329!4!2+−∀∗(3!4#21∀2(3&(2
3(∀&/,−Χ2(6294−+(3−2∀/(∃!2(62,(4(+0−2,(26!32.5+&/<
∋!32!23!7(426!2.(4,!,Χ2:27(∀(∗/+/!2!26−32./+&/∋!4/−3Χ2
=%/(∀(32/∀+6%3−23/∃%(∀2−7&(∀/(∀,−2.(∀&!≅!32!∀&(2
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
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&!,−32(3&!23/&%!+/>∀2/∀./3/7/6/?!26!2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62
!∀&(26!2∀(∃!&/.!24(/&(4!,!2,(26−329!4!∋/6/&!4(32!2
4(+−∀−+(42(3&−32+45∋(∀(3#
Ο!32 .( 43/−∀( 32 /∀+− ∋96(&! 32 3−∀2 &! ∋7/ο∀ 2 4(3<
9−∀3!7/6/,!,2,(2 6−32∗%∀+/−∀!4/−32 9Ε76/+−3Χ2,!,−2
=%(2(3&−320!∀2 (./,(∀+/!,−2 %∀!2 ∗!6&!2,(2!+&/&%,2
94−!+&/.!2=%(23(2 4(∗6(≅!2(∀2/∀&(44−∃!&−4/−329−+−2
94−∗%∀,−3Χ2=%(2 (∀2 −+!3/−∀(32 3−6−2 3(2 !∋965!∀2!2
3−6/+/&%,2,(26!2.5+&/∋!2−23%324(94(3(∀&!∀&(3#213&−2
!∗(+&!26!2 ./3/7/6/?!+/>∀2,(26!2 ./−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!2
∋%≅(4Χ2:!2=%(2(∀&4(26!3294(∃%∀&!32+−∀&(∋96!,!32
(∀2(62/∀&(44−∃!&−4/−2,(2 6−32 ∗/3+!6(3Χ2 (62 &(∋!2,(2
∃ο∀(4−2(329!3!,−29−42!6&−#
1∀26−32+!3−32,−+%∋(∀&!,−323(2(./,(∀+/>2=%(2(∀2
(6294−+(3−2,(2λ%3&/+/!2:2;!?23(20!2+!4∃!,−2,(394−<
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/∀.(3&/∃!&/.!2+−∀,%+(∀&(2!62(3+6!4(+/∋/(∀&−2,(26−32
0(+0−3#2Ν∀!2,(26!32.5+&/∋!32(∀&4(./3&!,!32∋(∀+/−<
∀>2=%(2/∀+6%3−23(26(320!∀29(,/,−26!32+−−4,(∀!,!32
(8!+&!32,(62 6%∃!42,(2 /∀0%∋!+/>∀2,(23%2∗!∋/6/!42
,(3!9!4(+/,!2Ι9!4!2 ∀−20!+(42 9(4,(42(62&/(∋9−2!2
6−32∗%∀+/−∀!4/−3ΚΧ2∋/(∀&4!32!26−329−3&%6!,−32!26!2
Ο(:2,(2λ%3&/+/!2:2 ;!?26−320(+0−329−42 (66−324(+−<
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=%(26−32./+&/∋!4/−320!∀2,(+6!4!,−2=%(26−324(3&−32
∗%(4−∀2!44−≅!,−32 !2 6−3245−32 −2+4(∋!,−3Χ23(23%3<
9(∀,(∀26!32 !++/−∀(32,(2 7Ε3=%(,!2α
:∀−6
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6−32,(3!9!4(+/,−32(32%∀!2−76/∃!+/>∀2,(2∋(,/−2:2
∀−2,(24(3%6&!,−#
Ο−32(6(∋(∀&−32(89%(3&−32,(.(6!∀2=%(26−3294−9><
3/&−32,(2 4(9!4!+/>∀2 +−∀&(∋96!,−32(∀26!2 Ο(:2,(2
λ%3&/+/!2:2;!?2ψ(∀&4(26−32 =%(23(2 (∀+%(∀&4!∀2(62
4(3&!76(+/∋/(∀&−2,(26!2,/∃∀/,!,2,(26!2.5+&/∋!2:2
3%32∗!∋/6/!4(3Χ2(624(+−∀−+/∋/(∀&−29Ε76/+−2,(62,!Β−2
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
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E. La limitada aplicación del Plan Nacional de
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V. Aspectos técnicos: implicaciones en la
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
62
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A. Barreras geográficas y económicas
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Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
63
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B. Reparación y buen nombre
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∗%(2./−6!,−2 !23%32 0/≅!3Χ20(4∋!∀!32−2∋!,4(3#21∀2
(3&(23(∀&/,−Χ26!2,(∋!∀,!2,(24(9!4!+/>∀2&/(∀(2=%(2
.(42+−∀26!29−3/7/6/,!,2,(24(+−∀3&4%/423%3294−:(+&−32
,(2./,!2:26−32,(23%32∀/(&−3α!3χ20%ο4∗!∀−3α!3χΧ2:2,(2
,(3!44−66!46−32(∀2+−∀,/+/−∀(32,(2,/∃∀/,!,#2Α/∀2(∋<
7!4∃−Χ2(326!∋(∀&!76(2=%(2!∀&(26!23−6/+/&%,26(∃5&/∋!2
,(26!324(9!4!+/−∀(32!,∋/∀/3&4!&/.!323(2(3+%+0(29−42
9!4&(2,(2∗%∀+/−∀!4/−32:2,(26!23−+/(,!,2(∀2∃(∀(4!62
!∗/4∋!+/−∀(32+−∋−2Ι!26!32.5+&/∋!323−6−26(32/∀&(4(3!2
6!296!&!ΚΧ2+%!∀,−26!32+−∀,/+/−∀(32,(29−74(?!2:2∋!4<
∃/∀!6/,!,294−,%+&−2,(26!32./−6!+/−∀(32,(2,(4(+0−32
0%∋!∀−323−∀2+45&/+!3#213&(2/∋!∃/∀!4/−20!2∃(∀(4!,−2
(3&/∃∋!&/?!+/>∀2:2,(3./4&%!+/>∀2,(26!32,(∋!∀,!32
,(26!32∗!∋/6/!4(32,(26!32.5+&/∋!3#
∆−∋−26−20!23(Β!6!,−2(62∋−./∋/(∀&−2ε%&!2;!+5∗/<
+!2,(26!32Λ%≅(4(3Χ2Ι6!2.(4,!,2(32%∀2+−∋9−∀(∀&(2
(3(∀+/!629!4!2%∀!24(9!4!+/>∀2/∀&(∃4!629%(3&−2=%(2
3/∀2 .(4,!,2 ∀−2 0!:2≅%3&/+/!Χ2 ∀/2 ∃!4!∀&5!32 ,(2 ∀−2
4(9(&/+/>∀Κ2αΘΖΓΡΧ29#2 ΓΖΘχ#2;−42(3&(2∋−&/.−Χ26−32
−73&π+%6−32,(2!++(3−2!26!2.(4,!,2=%(23(20!∀2∋(∀<
+/−∀!,−2!∀&(3Χ2∀−23−6−23−∀2∗!+&−4(32,(2/∋9%∀/,!,2
(∀2∋!&(4/!2,(2≅%3&/+/!23/∀−2&!∋7/ο∀2,(24(9!4!+/>∀#
;−42−&4−26!,−Χ26!2(3&/∃∋!&/?!+/>∀2,(26!32.5+&/∋!32
9−423%3294(3%∀&−32 −24(!6(32.5∀+%6−32+−∀2∃4%9−32
∃%(44/66(4−320!2∃(∀(4!,−26!2!+(9&!+/>∀2:2.!6/,!<
+/>∀2,(26!32,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32∗−4?!,!3#213&!23/&%!+/>∀2
!∗(+&!2,(2∋!∀(4!29!4&/+%6!42!26!32∋!,4(3Χ2(39−3!32
:20(4∋!∀!32=%(2!62(∋94(∀,(42(6294−+(3−2,(27Ε3<
=%(,!2:24(+6!∋!+/>∀2,(2≅%3&/+/!2,(7(∀2(∀∗4(∀&!42
3/&%!+/−∀(32,(24(+0!?−2:2,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2∀−23−6−2
∗4(∀&(2!26−32−9(4!,−4(32,(2≅%3&/+/!23/∀−2!∀&(23%32
∋/3∋ !32 +−∋ %∀/, !,(3#2 1 3&!2 (3 &/∃∋!& /?!+ />∀Χ2
/∀+6%3−Χ23(20!2+−∀.(4&/,−2(∀29(43(+%+/>∀Χ2 /∀&/<
∋/,!+/>∀2:2 !∋(∀!?!329!4!2 6−32∗!∋/6/!4(32,(26!32
∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!4(+/,!3#2
VI. Conclusiones
Ο!32,/∀π∋/+!323−+/−(39!+/!6(32+!4!+&(453&/+!32,(62
;%&%∋!:−23(2+−∀≅%∃!∀2(∀2%∀2∋−,(6−2,(2+−6−∀/?!<
+/>∀2:2(+−∀−∋5!2(8&4!+&/./3&!Χ2(∀2(62=%(2+−∀.(4<
∃(∀23/∋%6&π∀(!∋(∀&(2 ,/3&/∀&−32 ∃4%9−32 3−+/!6(32
+−∀2,/∗(4(∀&(32/∀&(4(3(32&(44/&−4/!6(32(2/∋!∃/∀!<
+/−∀(32 ∃(−∃4π∗/+!32 =%(2 0!∀2 ∃(∀(4!,−2,/39%&!32
9−42(629−,(423−74(2(62&(44/&−4/−#2162(8&4!+&/./3∋−2
,(2,/3&/∀&!32 +6!3(320!23/,−2 %∀!2+−∀3&!∀&(2 (∀23%2
−+%9!+/>∀Χ2,(3,(26!32+!%+0(45!32:26!2(896−&!+/>∀2
,(26!32=%/∀!3Χ29!3!∀,−29−42(629(&4>6(−Χ26!2∋/∀(45!Χ2
6!2+−6−∀/?!+/>∀2!∃45+−6!2:26!2/∋96!∀&!+/>∀2,(26−32
+%6&/.−32,(2+−+!#213&(294−+(3−2+−∀∗6/+&/.−2,(2!4&/<
+%6!+/>∀2!62+!9/&!6/3∋−2(∀23%32,/3&/∀&!32.(43/−∀(32
0!20(+0−2=%(2.!4/−32!+&−4(3Χ2/∀+6%/,−2(6213&!,−Χ2
3(2 0!:!∀2 ,/39%&!,−2 0/3&>4/+!∋(∀&(2 (62 +−∀&4−62
&(44/&−4/!629−42,/3&/∀&−32∋(,/−3#
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
64
1∀2(3&(2 +−∀&(8&−Χ26!2./−6(∀+/!2 +−∀&4!26!32∋%≅(<
4(3Χ29−424!?−∀(32,(2∃ο∀(4−Χ20!2&(∀/,−2+−∋−27!3(2
(6(∋ (∀&−3 2 ,(2 ,/3+ 4/∋/∀ !+/>∀ Χ2 (3&( 4(−&/ 9−32 :2
94π+&/+!323−+/!6(32:2+%6&%4!6(32=%(20!∀29(4∋/&/,−2
=%(26−320−∋74(3Χ2(39(+/!6∋(∀&(2!623(429!4&(2,(2%∀2
∃4%9−2!4∋!,−2α6(∃!62−2/6(∃!6χΧ2(≅(4?!∀2(62+−∀&4−62
,(23%2+−&/,/!∀/,!,Χ2,(23%2./,!29−65&/+!2:2∗!∋/6/!4Χ2
:2,(23%294−9/−2+%(49−#2;−42(66−Χ2(∀2?−∀!32+−∋−2(62
Ω!≅−2;%&%∋!:−Χ26!32∋%≅(4(32∗%(4−∀2 3−∋(&/,!32!2
∋Ε6&/96(32./−6!+/−∀(32,(2 3%26/7(4&!,Χ2,(23%2/∀&(<
∃4/,!,23(8%!62:2,(23%2./,!#
Η+&/./3&!323−+/!6(3Χ2&4!7!≅!,−4!323(8%!6(32:2≅>.(∀(32
(3&%,/!∀&(323−∀26!32∋%≅(4(32=%(2∋π32 ∗4(+%(∀&(<
∋(∀&(2∗%(4−∀2,(3!9!4(+/,!32 ,(2∋!∀(4!2∗−4?!,!#2
162+−∀&(8&−2,(2 3%32,(3!9!4/+/−∀(323(2,/−294/∀+/<
9!6∋(∀&(2(∀2(62∋!4+−2,(26!2!44(∋(&/,!29!4!∋/6/&!42
=%(2/∀/+/>2(∀2ΓθθθΧ2+−∋−2∗−4∋!2,(2−+%9!42%∀26%∃!42
&4!,/+/−∀!6∋(∀&(2+−∀&4−6!,−29−426!2∃%(44/66!2,(26!32
:!%∃
#2σ!3&!2(62!Β−2ΘΖΖβ2(∀2(62=%(23(2,/−26!2,(3∋−<
./6/?!+/>∀2,(26!32
!∗∃
Χ2∋π32,(2Γ[Ζ2∋%≅(4(32∗%(4−∀2
,(3!9!4(+/,!3Χ2!6∃%∀!32,(26!32+%!6(32∀/23/=%/(4!23(2
+−∀−+(∀23%32∀−∋74(3#2∆/(∀&−32,(2∀/Β−32=%(,!4−∀2
0%ο4∗!∀−3Χ2:2−&4!32&!∀&!32∗!∋/6/!323(2,(396!?!4−∀2!2
−&4!324(∃/−∀(32+−∀2(62∗/∀2,(294−&(∃(42!23%32∋%≅(4(3#2
162+%(49−2,(26!32∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!4(+/,!32∗%(2+−∀<
.(4&/,−2(∀2%∀2−7≅(&−23(8%!62:2(∀2%∀!2∋(&π∗−4!2,(62
+−∀&4−623−74(2(62 &(44/&−4/−#2 Ο!2 ./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62
(≅(4+/,!23−74(2(66!32∗%(2%&/6/?!,!2+−∋−2/∀3&4%∋(∀<
&−29!4!2 +!3&/∃!4Χ2−7&(∀(42/∀∗−4∋!+/>∀Χ2∋!∀,!42
%∀2∋(∀3!≅(2,(2,−∋/∀/−23−74(26!32+−∋%∀/,!,(32:2
,(3.!6−4!426!2+−∀,/+/>∀2∗(∋(∀/∀!#
Ο!2!9!4/(∀+/!2,(2 ∀−4∋!6/,!,2 ,(2 (3&!32./−6!+/−<
∀(3Χ29(4−2 (∀2 (39(+/!62 %∀!2&−&!62/∀−9(4!∀+/!2,(62
13&!,−Χ29−42+%(∀&!2,(2∗%∀+/−∀!4/−329Ε76/+−32=%(2
+−∀3/∀&/(4−∀2 :2 4(39!6,!4−∀2 6!2 ./−6(∀+/!2 +−∀&4!2
6!2∋%≅(42 +−∀,%≅−2 !26!2−+%44(∀+/!2 ,(2 +/(∀&−32,(2
,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32∗−4?!,!3Χ26!2∋!:−45!2,(26!32+%!6(32
3(2(∀+%(∀&4!2(∀26!2/∋9%∀/,!,#2
Ο!2 4(39%(3&!2 ,(62 13&!,−2+−6−∋7/!∀−2∗4(∀&(2 !2
(3&!23/&%!+/>∀20!2 3/,−2,ο7/6#2Ο!2 7Ε3=%(,!2,(26!32
∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!4(+/,!32:26!2,(∋!∀,!2,(2≅%3&/+/!2
:2 .(4,!, 2 0!∀2 ,(7 /,−2 !3%∋ /46!2 3%3 2 ∗!∋/6/! 4(32
!∀&(2%∀23/∀∀Ε∋(4−2,(2−73&π+%6−32/∀3&/&%+/−∀!6(32
:2+%6&%4!6(32=%(2 0!∀2∋!4+!,−2 (62 6(&!4∃−2,(2 6!32
/∀.(3&/∃!+/−∀(32:26!27Ε3=%(,!#
162/∋9%63−2!26!27Ε3=%(,!2,(26!32∋%≅(4(32,(3!9!<
4(+/,!32:26!2./3/7/6/?!+/>∀2,(26!32./−6(∀+/!32,(26!32
=%(2∗%(4−∀2−7≅(&−29!3!29−426!2/∋96(∋(∀&!+/>∀2,(2
%∀!23(4/(2,(2!≅%3&(32/∀3&/&%+/−∀!6(32=%(29(4∋/&!∀2
%∀!2/∀.(3&/∃!+/>∀2Ι(∀2+−∀&(8&−ΚΧ2(∀2,−∀,(2!,(∋π32
,(62&4!,/+/−∀!624(+!%,−2,(2(6(∋(∀&−32∋!&(4/!2,(2
94%(7!23(2(∀&/(∀,!∀26−32∗(∀>∋(∀−323−+/−(39!+/!6(32
=%(20!∀2(∀∋!4+!,−26!32./−6!+/−∀(3Χ2:2,(2+!∋7/−32
+%6&%4!6(32,(2∗%∀+/−∀!4/−3Χ2,(2+−∋%∀/,!,(32:2,(2
6!32∋/3∋!32.5+&/∋!3Χ2∗4(∀&(2!26−32 &4!,/+/−∀!6(32
(3&(4(−&/9−32,(2 ∃ο∀(4−#2 13&−2 3−74(9!3!2 6!2 /∀<
.(3&/∃!+/>∀2≅%,/+/!62:2,(∋!∀,!26!294−,%++/>∀2,(2
.(4,!,(4−32!∀π6/3/32=%(29(4∋/&!∀26!2+−∋94(∀3/>∀2
,(26!2./−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!32∋%≅(4(3Χ2−+%44/,!2(∀2(62
+−∀∗6/+&−2!4∋!,−2(∀2+6!.(2,(2∋(∋−4/!2:2.(4,!,#
1∀2(62∋!4+−2,(6294−+(3−2,(29!?2=%(23(2!,(6!∀&!2
9!4!2,!42∗/∀2!62+−∀∗6/+&−2!4∋!,−Χ2(32,(2./&!62 /∋<
9−4&!∀+/!2(62(3+6!4(+/∋/(∀&−2,(26!32./−6(∀+/!32+−<
∋(&/,!32+−∀&4!26!2∋%≅(4Χ2:2=%(2(62(3+6!4(+/∋/(∀&−2
,(26−320(+0−32+−∀,%?+!2!26!2.(4,!,Χ26!24(9!4!+/>∀2
:26!2∀−24(9(&/+/>∀#
Referencias
Η3!∋76(!2Π(∀(4!62,(26!32φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!3#2αΘθ2,(2
≅%∀/−2,(2ΘΖΖβχ#2!&/Η%/,#6/∋Θ/∃%∀/.,#&/.:∋4.∀.∋:.∋
ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
65
≅∀&∃%,,#6/∋+%∋∃&+.0∋:.0∋≅%∀0&/.0∋,&/∃∀.∋:.0∋3%05
.4.∀#,#&/%0∋Π&∀8.+.0#2ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴
ΥΥΥ#−0+04#−4∃∴
45
∴;4−∗(33/−∀!6Ξ∀&(4(3&∴
;!∃(3∴∆−∀.(∀&/−∀
∃−1
#!398
Η3!∋76(!2Π(∀(4!62,(26!2Τ4∃!∀/?!+/>∀2,(213&!,−32
Η∋(4/+!∀−3#2 αθ2 ,(2 ≅%∀/−2 ,(2 Γθθ⊥χ#2 !&/Η%/5
,#6/∋ Θ/ ∃%∀.?%∀#,. /.∋ 4.∀.∋ 4∀%Η%/ #∀1∋ 0./,#& /.∀∋
=∋ %∀∀.+#,.∀∋ :.∋ Η#&:%/,#.∋ ,&/∃∀.∋:.∋ ?) Χ%∀∋ ς!&/5
Η%/,#6/∋ +% ∋ Σ%:Φ?∋ +&∋ ≅.∀ΒΩΟ∋ ε(+%9(4!,−2 ,(Φ2
0&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#!+∀%4#−4∃∴&Ρ∴∗/6(!,∋/∀∴3+4/9&3∴
,−+#909{∗/6(|&Ρ∴∗/6(!,∋/∀∴ϑ−+%∋(∀&−3∴
61∋
∴ΘΖΖΓ∴ΖΖΘθ2
Η3−+/!+/>∀2Λ/∀∃!#2 αΘΖΓ[χ#2Ο!32 4(!6/,!,(32 ,(62
;%&%∋!:−2(∀∗4(∀&!∀26!32./3/−∀(32(8&4!+&/./3<
&!32,(62;6!∀2φ!+/−∀!62,(2ϑ(3!44−66−#220&&9Φ∴∴
!3−+/!+/−∀∋/∀∃!#−4∃∴/∀,(8#909∴∀−&/+/!3∴
(,/&−4/!6∴_Θθ<6!3<4(!6/,!,(3
(∀∗4(∀&!∀<6!3<./3/−∀(38&4!+&/./3&!3(6<
96!∀
Η∃(∀+/!2,(2φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!329!4!26−32ε(∗%∃/!,−32
τ
!∃∀∗%
υ#2α3#2∗#χ23#.>/60∃#,&∋3%4.∀∃.?%/∃.:∋≅)5
∃)?.= 0&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#!+∀%4#−4∃∴&Ρ∴%96−!,3∴
∋(,/!∴
∃&(
}ΘΓ_Ρ#9,∗{./(Υ|Γ
Η.(66!2Μ4!∀+−Χ2;#2Τ#2αΘΖΖδχ#2≅∀&>∀.?.∋?%∃&+&:6>#,&∋
%/∋%:∋Ξ#0∃%?.∋≅%/.:∋Ψ,)0.∃&∀#Ω−∃−&πΦ2Μ/3+!65!2
Π(∀(4!62,(26!2φ!+/>∀#
Ω(&!∀+−%4&Χ2Λ#2αΘΖΓ[χ#2Η,(+%!+/−∀(32(39!+/!6(32
9!4!26!2,−∋/∀!+/>∀Φ2+−∀∗6/+&−32∋−,(4∀−32+−<
6−∀/!6(3Χ2&(44/&−4/−32 ,(2./,!2 (∀26!2Η∋!?−∀/!2
!∀,/∀!2:2(≅(32,(2/∀&(∃4!+/>∀2:2 ,(3!44−66−2,(2
6!2
((%4!
2αΣ(3/32,−+&−4!6Χ2Ν∀/.(43/,!,(2Μ(,(4!62
Μ6%∋/∀(∀3(χ#
∆(∀&4−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2Λ(∋−4/!2σ/3&>4/+!2τ
∃∀,2
υ#2
αΘΖΓΖχ# 2 <.>∀% 1∋ ≅)∃)?.= 
Ω−∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4#
∆(∀&4−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2Λ(∋−4/!2σ/3&>4/+!#2αΘΖΓΘχ#2
Ι:∋≅:.,%∀Ζ∋[)Χ%∀%01∋,&,.∋=∋ >)%∀∀.∋%/∋%:∋ϑ.Χ&∋≅)5
∃)?.=Ω−∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4#
∆(∀&4−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2Λ(∋−4/!2σ/3&>4/+!#2αΘΖΓ⊥!χ#2
Ρ&∀?.0∋=∋+#?%/0#&/%0∋+%∋:.∋+%0.4.∀#,#6/∋7&∀8.+.∋
%/∋!&:&?ϑ#.#2Σ−∋−2Ξ#2Ω−∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4#
∆(∀&4−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2Λ(∋−4/!2σ/3&>4/+!#2αΘΖΓ⊥7χ#2
∴)%::. 0∋ =∋ ∀&0∃∀& 0∋ +%∋ :.∋ +% 0.4.∀# ,#6/∋ 7&∀8 .+.∋
]⊥2_5α⊥β#2Σ−∋−2
((
#2Ω−∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4#
∆(∀&4−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2Λ(∋−4/!2σ/3&>4/+!#2αΘΖΓ⊥+χ#2
Σ.:./,%∋+%∋:.∋.,,#6/∋+%:∋Ι0∃.+&∋,&:&?ϑ#./&∋7∀%/∃%∋
.∋:.∋+%0.4.∀#,#6/∋7&∀8.+.∋+%∋4%∀0&/.0#2Σ−∋−2
(0≅#
Ω−∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4#
∆(∀&4−2φ!+/−∀!62,(2Λ(∋−4/!2σ/3&>4/+!#2αΘΖΓ[χ#2
≅%∃∀6:%&1∋,&,.1∋+%04&Χ&∋∃%∀∀#∃&∀#.:∋=∋&∀>./#8.,#6/∋
0&,#.:∋%/∋≅)∃)?.=Ω−∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4#
∆−∋/3/>∀2 Ξ∀&(4!∋(4/+!∀!2 ,(2 ϑ(4(+0−32 σ%∋!<
∀−3#2αΘΖΖβχ#2<.0 class="_ _1"> ?)Χ%∀%0∋7∀%/∃%∋.∋:.∋ Η#&:%/,#.∋=∋
:.∋+#0,∀#?#/.,#6/∋+%∀#Η.+.0∋+%:∋,&/7:#,∃&∋.∀?.+&∋
%/∋!&:&?ϑ#.#2Τ4∃!∀/?!+/>∀22,(226−32 213&!,−322
Η∋(4/+!∀−3#2 2 ∆−∋/3/>∀2Ξ∀&(4!∋(4/+!∀!2 ,(2
ϑ(4(+0−32σ%∋!∀−3#2
&−!
∴Α(4#
∋Χ0Χ((
#2ϑ−+#2βδ#
∆−∋/3/>∀2 Ξ∀&(4!∋(4/+!∀!2 ,(2 ϑ(4(+0−32 σ%∋!<
∀−3#2αΘΖΖδχ#2Ψ,,%0&∋.∋:.∋Χ)0∃#,#.∋4.∀.∋:.0∋?)Χ%∀%0∋
Η∗,∃#?.0∋+%∋Η#&:%/,#.∋%/∋:.0∋Ψ?Φ∀#,.0#2Τ4∃!∀/?!<
+/>∀22,(226−32213&!,−322Η∋(4/+!∀−3#2∆−∋/3/>∀2
Ξ∀&(4!∋(4/+!∀!2,(2ϑ(4(+0−32σ%∋!∀−3#2
&−!
∴
Α(4#
∋Χ0Χ((
#2ϑ−+#2β_#
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2αΘ2,(2≅%∀/−2
,(2Θθ_Γχ#2Ο(:2[Γ2,(2Γθ_Γ#2;−42∋(,/−2,(26!2+%!62
3(2!94%(7!26!2Ι∆−∀.(∀+/>∀23−74(26!2(6/∋/∀!+/>∀2
,(2&−,!326!32∗−4∋!32,(2,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2+−∀&4!26!2
∋%≅(4ΚΧ2!,−9&!,!29−426!2Η3!∋76(!2Π(∀(4!62,(2
6!32φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!32(62Γ_2,(2,/+/(∋74(2,(2Γθδθ2
:2∗/4∋!,!2(∀2∆−9(∀0!∃%(2(62Γδ2,(2≅%6/−2,(2Γθ_Ζ#2
ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#!6+!6,/!7−∃−&!#
∃−.#+−∴3/3≅%4∴∀−4∋!3∴φ−4∋!Γ#≅39{/|Γ⊥Γ[Ρ
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2 ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2 αΘθ2 ,(2
,/+/(∋74(2 ,(2 Γθθ[χ#2 Ο(:2 Θ⊥_2 ,(2 Γθθ[#2 ;−42
∋(,/−2,(26!2 +%!62 3(2 !94%(7!2 6!2∆−∀.(∀+/>∀2
Ξ∀&( 4∀!+ /−∀!6 2 9!4!2 9 4(.(∀/ 4Χ2 3!∀+/ −∀!42 :2
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
66
(44!,/+!426!2./−6(∀+/!2+−∀&4!26!2∋%≅(4Χ23%3+4/<
&!2(∀26!2 +/%,!,2,(2Ω(6(∋2ϑ−2;!4!Χ2Ω4!3/6Χ2 (62
θ2,(2 ≅%∀/−2 ,(2Γθθ⊥#2 ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴
ΥΥΥ#!6+!6,/!7−∃−&!#∃−.#+−∴3/3≅%4∴∀−4∋!3∴
φ−4∋!Γ#≅39{/|Ρδ_ΘΓ
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2αβ2,(2≅%6/−2
,(2ΘΖΖΖχ#2Ο(:2 [_θ2,(2ΘΖΖΖ#2;−42∋(,/−2,(26!2
+%!623(2 &/9/∗/+!2 (62∃(∀−+/,/−Χ26!2,(3!9!4/+/>∀2
∗−4?!,!Χ2(62,(396!?!∋/(∀&−2∗−4?!,−2:26!2&−4&%<
4!ρ2:23(2,/+&!∀2−&4!32,/39−3/+/−∀(3#2ε(+%9(4!,−2
,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#!6+!6,/!7−∃−&!#∃−.#+−∴3/3≅%4∴
∀−4∋!3∴φ−4∋!Γ#≅39{/|Γ⊥[Ζδ
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2 ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2 αΘ⊥2 ,(2
≅%6/−2,(2ΘΖΖΖχ#2Ο(:2[θθ2,(2ΘΖΖΖ#2;−42∋(,/−2,(2
6!2+%!623(2(89/,(2(62∆>,/∃−2;(∀!6#2ε(+%9(4!<
,−2,(Φ2 0&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#3(+4(&!4/!3(∀!,−#∃−.#+−∴
3(∀!,−∴7!3(,−+∴6(:}Ζ[θθ}ΘΖΖΖ#0&∋6
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2 ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2 αΓ⊥2 ,(2
≅%6/−2,(2ΘΖΖ[χ#2Ο(:2θδΓ2,(2ΘΖΖ[#2;−42∋(,/−2
,(26!2+%!623(24(∃6!∋(∀&!2(62∋(+!∀/3∋−2,(27Ε3<
=%(,!2%4∃(∀&(2:23(2,/+&!∀2−&4!32,/39−3/+/−∀(3#2
ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#3(+4(&!4/!3(∀!,−#
∃−.#+−∴3(∀!,−∴7!3(,−+∴6(:}ΖθδΓ}ΘΖΖ[#0&∋6
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2 ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2 αΘ[2 ,(2
≅%6/−2,(2ΘΖΖ[χ#2Ο(:2θδ[2,(2ΘΖΖ[#2;−4226!2+%!623(2
,/+&!∀2,/39−3/+/−∀(329!4!26!24(/∀+−49−4!+/>∀2
,(2∋/(∋74−32,(2∃4%9−32!4∋!,−32−4∃!∀/?!,−32
!62∋!4∃(∀2,(26!26(:Χ2=%(2+−∀&4/7%:!∀2,(2∋!∀(<
4!2(∗(+&/.!2!26!2+−∀3(+%+/>∀2,(26!29!?2∀!+/−∀!62
:23(2,/+&!∀2−&4!32,/39−3/+/−∀(329!4!2!+%(4,−32
0%∋!∀/&!4/−3#2ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#
!6+!6,/!7−∃−&!#∃−.#+−∴3/3≅%4∴∀−4∋!3∴φ−4<
∋!Γ#≅39{/|ΓδΓβΓ
∆−∀∃4(3−2 ,(2 6!2ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2 α⊥2 ,(2
,/+/(∋74(2,(2 ΘΖΖ_χ#2Ο(:2Γ⊥Ζ_2,(2ΘΖΓΖ#2 ;−422
6!2+%!623(2 ,/+&!∀2∀−4∋!32,(23(∀3/7/6/?!+/>∀Χ2
94(.(∀+/>∀2:23!∀+/>∀2,(2∗−4∋!32,(2./−6(∀+/!2
:2,/3+4/∋/∀!+/>∀2 +−∀&4!2 6!32 ∋%≅(4(3Χ23(24(<
∗−4∋!∀26−32+>,/∃−32;(∀!6Χ2,(2;4−+(,/∋/(∀&−2
;(∀!6Χ26!2Ο(:2 Θθ⊥2,(2 Γθθβ2:2 3(2,/+&!∀2−&4!32
,/39−3/+/−∀(3#2 ε(+%9(4!,−2 ,(Φ2 0&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#
∋/∀&/+#∃−.#+−∴9−4&!6∴βΖ⊥∴!4&/+6(3
+%∋(∀&−#9,∗
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2 ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2 αΘΖ2 ,(2
!∃−3&−2,(2ΘΖΓΖχ#2Ο(:2Γ⊥Ζ_2,(2ΘΖΓΖ#2;−426!2+%!62
3(24/∀,(20−∋(∀!≅(2!26!32.5+&/∋!32,(62,(6/&−2,(2
,(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:23(2,/+&!∀2∋(,/,!329!4!2
3%26−+!6/?!+/>∀2(2 /,(∀&/∗/+!+/>∀#2 ε(+%9(4!,−2
,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#3(+4(&!4/!3(∀!,−#∃−.#+−∴3(<
∀!,−∴7!3(,−+∴6(:}Γ⊥Ζ_}ΘΖΓΖ#0&∋6
∆−∀∃4(3−2 ,(2 6!2ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2 αΓ2 ,(2
,/+/(∋74(2,(2 ΘΖΓΖχ#2Ο(:2Γ⊥Γ_2,(2ΘΖΓΖ#2 ;−42
∋(,/−2,(2 6!2+%!62 3(2!94%(7!2 6!2Ι∆−∀.(∀+/>∀2
Ξ∀&(4∀!+/−∀!62 9!4!26!2 ;4−&(++/>∀2,(2 &−,!32
6!32;(43−∀!32+−∀&4!26!32ϑ(3!9!4/+/−∀(32Μ−4<
?!,!3ΚΧ 2 !,−9&!,! 2 (∀2 φ%(.!2 ϕ−4ς2 (62 ΘΖ2 , (2
,/+/(∋74(2,(2ΘΖΖβ#2ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ20&&93Φ∴∴
ΥΥΥ#+!∀+/66(4/!#∃−.#+−∴3/&(3∴,(∗!%6&∴∗/6(3∴
φ−4∋−∃4!∋!∴,−+3∴6(:}Γ⊥Γ_}ΘΖΓΖ#0&∋
∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2ε(9Ε76/+!2,(2∆−6−∋7/!#2αΓΖ2,(2≅%<
∀/−2,(2ΘΖΓΓχ#2Ο(:2Γ⊥⊥_2,(2ΘΖΓΓ#2;−426!2+%!623(2
,/+&!∀2∋(,/,!32,(2!&(∀+/>∀Χ2!3/3&(∀+/!2:24(9!<
4!+/>∀2/∀&(∃4!62!26!32.5+&/∋!32,(62+−∀∗6/+&−2!4<
∋!,−2/∀&(4∀−2:23(2,/+&!∀2−&4!32,/39−3/+/−∀(3#2
ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#!6+!6,/!7−∃−&!#
∃−.#+−∴3/3≅%4∴∀−4∋!3∴φ−4∋!Γ#≅39{/|⊥ΡΖ⊥Ρ
∆−∀3&/& %:(∀&(#2 αΓθθΓ χ#2 !&/0∃# ∃),#6/∋ ≅&:∗∃ #,.∋ +%∋
!&:&?ϑ#.#2
∆−∀&4! 6−45!2 Π( ∀(4!62 ,( 2 6!2 ε(9Ε76/+ !#2 αΘΖΓ⊥χ #2
Ι04.,#&0∋Η#Η#+&01∋∃%∀∀#∃&∀#&0∋+%04&Χ.+&0Ο∋Ω−∃−&πΦ2
Ξ∋94(∀&!2φ!+/−∀!6#2
∆−4&(2 ∆−∀3&/&%+/−∀!6#2 Α(∀&(∀+/!2 Σ ;#Φ2
Λ!∀%(62λ−3ο2 ∆(9(,!2139/∀−?!ρ2 ΘΘ2 ,(2(∀(4−2
,(2ΘΖΖ⊥χ#
ϑ(+4(&−2∀Ε∋(4−2⊥ΘΓ_2,(2ΘΖΖ[2τ∆−∀∃4(3−2,(26!2
ε(9Ε76/+!υ#2Ι;−42(62+%!623(24(∃6!∋(∀&!2(62!4<
ϑ(3!9!4/+/>∀2∗−4?!,!2:2./−6(∀+/!23(8%!62+−∀&4!2∋%≅(4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−Χ2∆−6−∋7/!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
67
&5+%6−2θϖ2,(26!2Ο(:2[_θ2,(2ΘΖΖΖΚ#2φ−./(∋74(2
ΘΓ2,(2ΘΖΖ[#
ϑ(+4(&−2∀Ε∋(4−2 ΖΡΖΡ2,(2 ΘΖΓ[2τΛ/∀/3&(4/−2,(62
Ξ∀&(4/−4υ#2Ι;−42(62+%!623(24(∃6!∋(∀&!26!2Ο(:2
Γ⊥Ζ_2,(2ΘΖΓΖΚ#2Μ(74(4−2ΘΖ2,(2ΘΖΓ[#
ϑ(9!4&!∋(∀&−2 φ!+/−∀!62,(2 ;6!∀(!+/>∀#2 αΘΖΓ[χ#2
≅:./∋ Ρ.,#&/.:∋ +%∋ 3%0.∀∀&::&∋ α⊥χ5α⊥δ#2 Ω−<
∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4#
ϑ(∗ (∀3−4 5!2 ,( 62 ;%( 76−2 ε(∃ /−∀! 62 ;%& %∋!:−#2
αΘ ΖΓΘ χ#2 Λ( ∃!9 4−:( +&−3 2 ϑ(9 !4& !∋( ∀&−2
,(6 2 ;%&% ∋!:−# 2 τ;4( 3(∀& !+/ >∀2 (∀ 2 ;−Υ(42
;−/∀&υ#2 ϑ/39−∀/76(2 (∀Φ2 α0&&93Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#∃−−<
∃6 (# +− ∋#+−∴ Υ( 70 9{ 3−%4+ (/ ,| +04−∋ (<
/ ∀ 3 & ! ∀ & ∼ / − ∀ | Γ ∼ ( 3 9 . | Θ ∼ / ( |
∗ + :
<
_=|∋(∃!9 4−:(+&−3ξΘΖ9 %& %∋!:−ξΘΖ
,(∗(∀3−4ξ∆ΡξΗϑ!ξΘΖ,(6ξΘΖ9%(76−χ#
Μ%∀,!+/>∀2Ξ,(!329!4!2 6!2 ;!?#2αΘΖΓ⊥χ#2 ∆−∀∗6/+&−2
!4∋!,−2(∀2∆!=%(&π2:2;%&%∋!:−2:23%2/∋9!+&−2
0%∋!∀/&!4/−#2ε(+%9(4!,−2 ,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#
/,(!39!?#−4∃∴9%76/+!&/−∀3∴9−3&3∴ΓΖΓΘ
Μ% ∀,!+ />∀ 2 φ:,/ !2 ν4 /ς! 2 Ω!%& /3& !2 τ
:∀−6
υ#2
αΘΖΓ[!χ#23%0.4.∀#,#&/%0∋7&∀8.+.0∋ +%∋?)Χ%∀%0∋%/∋
!&:&?ϑ#.Ο∋ε/∋%0∃)+#&∋+%∋,.0&0∋+%:∋,&/7:#,∃&∋.∀?.5
+&∋⊥2δχ5αχ#2Ω−∃−&πΦ2Η%&−4(3#
Μ%∀ ,!+/ >∀2 φ:, /!2 ν4 /ς!2 Ω !%&/3 &!#2 α Μ(74( 4−Χ2
ΘΖΓ[7χ#2Θ/7&∀?%∋ .:∃%∀/&∋ .:∋!&?#∃Φ∋ +%∋ 3%0.4.5
∀#,#&/%0∋Π&∀8.+.0∋+%∋Ρ.,#&/%0∋ε/#+.0#2Ω−∃−&πΦ2
Η%&−4(3#
Π%!&!∋(2Π!4+5!Χ2Η#2∆2αλ%∀/−Χ2ΘΖΓ[χ#2Η94−8/∋!<
+/>∀2!624(∃/3&4−2,(26!32,(3!9!4/+/−∀(32∗−4?!,!32
,(2 ∋%≅( 4(32 (∀2 ∆− 6−∋7/!# 2 !∀#∃%∀#& ∋ ()∀∗+#,&∋
−.∀./∃#0∃.Χ2δαΓΘχΧ2Ρβ
Ξ∀3&/&%&−2Ξ∀&(4!∋(4/+!∀−2,(2ϑ(4(+0−32σ%∋!∀−3#2
αΘΖΖ⊥χ#2+%∀%,Μ&0∋Μ)?./&0∋+%∋:.0∋?)Χ%∀%0Ζ∋7&∀5
∃.:%,#%/+&∋0)∋4∀&?&,#6/∋=∋4∀&∃%,,#6/∋#/∃%∀/.,#&/.:#2
Α!∀2λ−3ο2,(2∆−3&!2ε/+!Φ2Η%&−4(3#
Ο−?!∀−Χ2λ#2Μ#2α⊥2,(2!∃−3&−2,(2ΘΖΖδχ#2 ;4−3&/&%&!32
3−∀24(+6%&!,!329−429!4!∋/6/&!4(32(∀2;%&%∋!:−2
:23−∋(&/,!32!2∋!6&4!&−3#2Ι:∋Υ#%?4ε(+%9(<
4!,−2,(Φ20&&9Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#(6&/(∋9−#+−∋∴!4+0/.−∴
,−+%∋(∀&−∴
∃,4
Λ/3/>∀2,(2Τ73(4.!+/>∀216(+&−4!6#2α3#2∗#χ#2[&/&>∀.5
7∗.∋4&:∗∃#,&∋%:%,∃&∀.:∋+%4.∀∃.?%/∃&∋+%∋≅)∃)?.=&∋
⊥22_∋.∋α_#2ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ220&&9Φ∴∴∋−(#−4∃#
+−∴0−∋(∴,−+∴∋−(}∋4(∴
∃1Χ51:
∴9%&%∋!:−#
9,∗
Λ−4!6(32ε−,45∃%(?Χ2Λ#2 Ο#2 αΘΖΓΓχ#2 9#&:%/,#.∋ 0%5
;).:∋=∋∃&∀∃)∀.∋%/∋+%0.4.∀#,#6/∋7&∀8.+.#2Ω−∃−&πΦ2
(∀,∋∃:
#2
Τ∗/+/∀!2,(2φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!32∆−∀&4!26!2ϑ4−∃!2:2(62
ϑ(6/&−#2αΘΖΓ[χ#2
!∀#∀∃%&∋
Ζ∋!%/0&∋+%∋!):∃#Η&0∋+%∋
!&,.∋α⊥φ#2Τ7&(∀/,−2,(2%∀−,+Φ20&&93Φ∴∴ΥΥΥ#
%∀−,+#− 4∃∴,−+%∋(∀ &3∴+4−9∋−∀ /&−4/∀∃∴
∆−6−∋7/!∴∆−6−∋7/!}Λ−∀/&−4(−},(}∆%6&/<
.−3},(}∆−+!}ΘΖΓ⊥}Υ(7#9,∗
Τ4∃!∀/?!+/>∀2 ,(2 6!32 φ!+/−∀(32Ν∀/,!3#2αΓθθ_χ#2
Ι0∃. ∃)∃&∋ + %∋ Τ&?. ∋ +%∋ :.∋ ! &∀∃% ∋ ≅%/.:∋ Θ /∃%∀5
/.,#&/.:#2 ϑ−+ %∋(∀&−2 Η ∴
∃&∀:
#Γ_Ρ∴ θ#2 ε(<
+%9(4! ,−2 (62 ΡΖ∴ ΖΓ∴ΘΖΓ[2 , (Φ2 0&&9Φ∴ ∴ΥΥΥ#
%∀#−4∃∴39!∀/30∴6!Υ∴/++∴3&!&%&(∴39!∀/30∴
4−∋(}3&!&%&(ξΘ_3ξΘθ#9,∗
Τ&(4−Χ2Α#Χ2 ζ%/∀&(4−Χ2γ#2 :2Ω−65.!4Χ2 Ξ#2αΘΖΖθχ#2Ο!32
7!44(4!32/∀./3/76(32,(624(∃/3&4−2,(26!2./−6(∀+/!2
3(8%!62 (∀2 (62 +−∀∗6/+&−2!4∋!,−2 +−6−∋7/!∀−#2
(∀)∗+,&,
Χ23.∃&0∋4.∀.∋:.∋Η#+.Χ2αΓχΧ2ΡΡ⊥
ε−&0Χ2Μ#Χ2Π%7(4(ςΧ2Σ#2:2σ−−.(4Χ2Η#2αΘΖΓΓχ#2Ι:∋)0&∋
+%∋ +.∃&0∋ ,)./∃#∃.∃#Η&0∋ 4.∀.∋%/∃%/+% ∀∋ :.∋ Η#&:%/5
,#.∋0%;).:∋∋∀%:.,#&/.+.∋,&/∋ %:∋,&/7:#,∃&∋∋ .∀?.+&∋
,&:&?ϑ#./&Ζ∋Τ%∃&0∋=∋&4&∀∃)/#+.+%0#2Ω(∀(&(+02 :2
∆−49−4!+/>∀2;%∀&−2,(2γ/3&!#2ε(+%9(4!,−2,(Φ2
0&&9Φ∴∴7/76/−&(+!#%∀/.(43/!#∀(&∴0&∋6}7%4!∴
∗/+0!∴9!4!∋3∴&/&6(∴%3−
(∀&(∀,(4<. class="_ _1">(∀+/!<3(8%!6<4(6!+/−∀!,!
∗6/+&−4∋!,−,∴βΓ⊥β[[_Θ#0&∋6
ε%&!2;!+5∗/+!2,(26!32Λ%≅(4(3#2αΘΖΓΡχ#2<. class="_ _0">+%∋
:.0∋?)Χ%∀%0#2Ω−∃−&πΦ2ΠΘ21,/&−4(3#
!∀!#∃!%&∋(∀!#)∗!+!,−#)!%∃.!#:#&0(1(−∋)!1&#,!2−∃2!
Criterio Jurídico Garantista. (Ene.-Jun. de 2016). Vol. 9, n.o 14, 42-67.
issn
: 2145-3381. Bogotá: Universidad Autónoma de Colombia.
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