Impact of inter-organizational and extraorganizational factors on the policies of Science and Technology Parks in emerging economies
| Autor | Iman Esmaeelzadeh, Mahboobeh Karimi Tararani, Amin Tayebi, Farinaz Kordbacheh Roudhend |
| Cargo | MA., Islamic Azad University, Iran. Email: smaielzadeh@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-4562 - PhD candidate, Department of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran. Email: m_karimy@msrt.ir ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-6646. - MA., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.... |
| Páginas | 195-216 |
195
AD-MINISTER
IMAN ESMAEELZADEH1
MAHBOOBEH KARIMI
TARARANI2*
AMIN TAYEBI3
FARINAZ KORDBACHEH
ROUDHEND4
JEL: I21, I23, M1
Received: 13/01/2021
Modified: 24/04/2021
Accepted: 27/05/2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17230/
Ad-minister.39.9
AD-minister Nº. 39 july - december 2021 pp. 195 - 216 · ISSN 1692-0279 · eISSN 2256-4322
Impact of inter-organizational and extra-
organizational factors on the policies of Science and
Technology Parks in emerging economies
Impacto de factores interorganizacionales y extraorganizacionales en las políticas de Parques
Científicos y Tecnológicos en economías emergentes
ABSTRACT
This article aims to study policymaking resulting from the impact of intra- and extra-organizational factors
of science and technology parks (S&T parks). This article is classified as applied in terms of objective
and quantitative in terms of data gathering. The population comprises senior managers of companies
established in the five selected S&T parks, totaling 493. Applying the stratified random sampling method
and the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined at 216. The validity of the questionnaire’s
content was endorsed by professors, experts and pundits. The Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire
was extracted to be higher than endorsed levels in all dimensions, which shows the reliability of the
research. Results show that intra-organizational factors (organizational, networking, legal and fiscal),
with the intervention of extra-organizational factors (institutional, cultural and contextual, capital and
location), lead to development of six S&T park policymaking categories (policymaking for culture and
motivation, policymaking for creation of incentives, policymaking for development of capacity and
capability, policymaking for infrastructure, policymaking for attracting investment, policymaking for
creating business opportunities).
KEYWORDS
S&T parks policy, Intra-organizational factors, Extra-organizational factors.
RESUMEN
Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la formulación de políticas resultante del impacto de factores
intra y extraorganizacionales de los parques científicos y tecnológicos (parques C&T). Este artículo se
clasifica como aplicado, en términos de objetivo, y cuantitativo, en términos de recopilación de datos.
La población está compuesta por altos directivos de empresas establecidas en los cinco parques C&T
seleccionados, alcanzando un total de 493. Aplicando el método de muestreo aleatorio estratificado y la
fórmula de Cochran, el tamaño de la muestra se determinó en 216. La validez del contenido del cuestionario
fue avalada por profesores, expertos y especialistas. Se extrajo el alfa de Cronbach del cuestionario
para ser superior a los niveles avalados en todas las dimensiones, lo que demuestra la fiabilidad de
la investigación. Los resultados muestran que los factores intraorganizacionales (organizacionales,
1 MA., Islamic Azad University, Iran. Email: smaielzadeh@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0003-4831-4562
2 PhD candidate, Department of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran,
Iran. Email: m_karimy@msrt.ir ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-6646.
3 MA., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Email: amin_tayebi@alumni.iust.ac.ir ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-138X
4 BS., Islamic Azad University, Iran. Email: farinaz.kordbache@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-0590-0329
Iman Esmaeelzadeh · Mahboobeh Karimi Tararani · Amin Tayebi · Farinaz Kordbacheh Roudhend
Impact of inter-organizational and extra-organizational factors on the policies of Science and Technology Parks in emerging economies
196
AD-MINISTER
en red, legales y fiscales) con la intervención de factores extraorganizacionales (institucionales, culturales y
contextuales, de capital y ubicación) conducen al desarrollo de seis categorías de formulación de políticas de
parques C&T (formulación de políticas: para la cultura y la motivación; para la creación de incentivos; para el
desarrollo de capacidades y aptitudes; para la infraestructura; para atraer inversiones y para la creación de
oportunidades de negocio).
PALABRAS CLAVE
Política de parques C&T, Factores intraorganizacionales, Factores extraorganizacionales.
1. INTRODUCTION
Over recent decades governments have increased their innovation eorts with a view
to bringing about economic development and transformation. Governments have
pursued dierent policies in encouraging innovation activities in a bid to realize
national industry development. The significance of this issue may stem from: first,
the 1970s oil crisis and the necessity of replacing non-oil energy resources (Rothwell,
1994); second, the competitive nature of innovation activities and attention to the
hidden economic aspects of technological innovation (Smith & Larimer, 2017); and
third, the governments’ intention to industrialize their domain on the global scale
at a time where economic globalization pushes governments to boost technology
research costs (Su & Zarea, 2020). If nations and subsequently companies adopt
better policies for knowledge-based companies through S&T parks and applying
knowledge more eectively through these parks, they can largely improve their
growth and welfare levels.
Globalization is a sign of stimulation of competition and access to new potential
markets for nations. In order to win international recognition, public and private
organizations and entities should focus on market-product innovations, increasing
opportunities and equipping themselves with cutting edge technology. That is
key to staying in global competition, which would require policymaking through
development of S&T parks and knowledge-based companies (Cuentas et al., 2013).
Innovation issues have become more complicated than before and innovation
policymakers are required to be capable enough to confront such complications and
find an in-depth understanding of them. Therefore, S&T parks’ policymaking has
become more eective than before in exploiting knowledge-based and technology
companies (Farsi et al., 2011a)
S&T parks keep knowledge and technology running at universities, R&D institutes,
private companies and markets and manage the process, while facilitating the growth
of innovation-based companies through incubators and spin-o processes. These
centers are currently helping establish knowledge-based companies by providing
financial, moral and legal support, supplying necessary equipment and facilities,
counseling, and preparing necessary workspace. Therefore, S&T parks’ policymaking
can result in the growth of knowledge-based companies and technology cores (Petti
& Zhang, 2013).
Finally, in the statement of problem for this research, it is important to note that
the companies established at S&T parks are considered as eective factors in the
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