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The impact of social media on young web users' psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic progression

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AutorAlisar Hudimova, Ihor Popovych, Vita Baidyk, Olena Buriak, Olha Kechyk
CargoAlisar Hudimova, Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine. PhD Candidate in Psychology of Department Practical and Clinical Psychology, Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine. Ihor Popovych, Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine. Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Full Professor of Department of ...
Páginas50-61
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.39.03.5
The impact of social media on young web users’ psychological
well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic progression
Вплив соціальних мереж на психологічне благополуччя юних web-користувачів в
період прогресування пандемії COVID-19
Received: March 27, 2021 Accepted: April 25, 2021
Written by:
Alisar Hudimova14
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-0674
Ihor Popovych15
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-111X
Vita Baidyk16
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-6162
Olena Buriak17
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-9441
Olha Kechyk18
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-1891
Abstract
Aim. The p resent study empirically investigates
and theoretically substantiates the results of the
impact of social media on young web-users’
psychological well-being during the forced self-
isolation caused by the progression of the
COVID-19 pandemic (N = 254). Materials and
methods. Standardized valid psycho-diagnostic
methods, the author’s questionnaire
(A. Hudimova, 2021), co rrelation and factor
analyses were used to identify yo ung web users’
patterns of social media involvement during the
forced self-isolation. Results. The results show
that during the global COVID-19 pandemic,
young web users give preference for passive
social media use rather than for communication.
The obtained results showed an expansion in the
time spent via social media by young web users.
It was found that the progression of the COVID-
19 pandemic is accompanied by the participants’
experience of negative emotions and fears of th e
unknown (r = .204; p <.01 it is sub stantiated>
that increasing immersion of young web users in
social media is a kind of strategy to escape from
bad thoughts (r = .271; p <.0 class="_ _0">1). Significantly, it
14
PhD Candidate in Psychology of Department Practical and Clinical Psychology, Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa,
Ukraine.
15
Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Full Professor of Department of Psychology, Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine.
16
Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Head of Department of Education Management, Luhansk Regional In-Service Teacher
Training Institute, Sievierodonetsk, Ukraine.
17
Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Head of Department of Natural Sciences and Methods of Teaching, Luhansk Regional In-
Service Teacher Training Institute, Sievierodonetsk, Ukraine.
18
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of Department of Natural Sciences and Methods of Teaching, Luhansk Regional
In-Service Teacher Training Institute, Sievierodonetsk, Ukraine.
Hudimova, A., Popovych, I., Baidyk, V., Buriak, O., Kechyk, O. / Volume 10 - Issue 38: 50-61 / march, 2021
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is stated that uncontrolled use of social media
causes sleep disorders during isolation (r = .444;
p <.01 class="ff4 ws1">Conclusions. The study proves that
young people spend almost all day online due to
the o bsessive pattern of social m edia
involvement and/or pro crastination, which often
provokes withdrawal syndrome upon the attempt
to distract from them. The lack of controlled time
spending on social media during self-isolation
provokes an exacerbation of anxiety, apathy,
depressed mood, and a sense of isolation from
social reality. The obtained results provide
evidence that the causal relations of passive
social media use provoke an exacerbation of
feelings of alienation, disrupt the healthy rhythm
of sleep, and psychological state of young web-
users during the progression of the COVID-19
pandemic.
Key words: social media, stress, adaptation,
mental health, psychological health.
Introduction
Social media h ave significantly changed the
nature of communication between web users in
our time. The most active users are young people
aged 16 to 21 years. The social situation of
development has a significant impact on self -
awareness and determines the transition of the
psyche and the crisis of adolescence. Intimate
and personal communication with peers is an
activity in which there is practical assimilation of
moral norms and values. In friendly relations
with the development of technology, the share of
online communication is growing. However,
despite the prevalence of virtual communication,
the formation and maintenance of friendly
relations is the predominant need of young age.
The most important socio-psychological
characteristics of young people are the degree of
activity of their efforts to over come life’s
difficulties and a sense of personal responsibility
for their actions, as well as faith in a successful
future (Kononenko, et. al., 2020). In adolescence,
there are also such important new formations as
a new level of self-awareness and change in self-
concept. These new formations are the desire to
understand themselves, their capabilities, and
their features. These qualities make an individual
unique and inimitable.
Hypothesis. The change in the daily rh ythm of
life due to the progression of the COVID-19
pandemic has encouraged young web users to
increase the time spent on social media. We
assume that an enhancement in time spent on
social media harms young web users’
psychological well-being.
The study aims to empirically appraise and
theoretically substantiate the results of the impact
of social media on youn g web users’
psychological well-being during the forced self-
isolation caused by the progression of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
Literature review
O. Stroyanovska et. al. (2020) in their study
noted that the concept of psychological well-
being is an integrative phenomenon that
systematically affects various parameters of an
individual’s mental state. Psychological well-
being leads to successful behavior and effective
interpersonal interaction. Most researchers
(Waterman, 1993; Deci & Ryan, 2008;
Kahneman & Deaton, 2010) argue that
psychological well-being is largely ensured not
only by physical and mental well-being but also
by the state of the social environment. The
researchers and psychologists at the School o f
Positive Psychology have identified specific
strengths needed to protect an individual from
mental illness. In particular, G. Pânişoară (2017)
and her colleagues pointed to several human
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qualities. They consolidate fortitude, future -
situated reasoning, confidence, relation al
abilities, confidence, hard working attitude, trust,
trustworthiness, diligence, and the capacity to
create thoughts. Along with the above-mentioned
strengths, there are also other concepts, like life
fulfillment, self-idea, good faith, and self-
viability (Pânişoară, et al., 2017). F. Ma et al.
(2020) conducted research and found that the
components of psychological well-being are: life
satisfaction and appreciation, trust, courage,
resilience, independence, meaningfulness, and
optimism.
S. Turkle’s (2011) study showed that modern
technologies and social media lead to the
formation of new, unhealthy relationships
between par ents, children, friends, and other
participants in communicatio n. Studies of social
media and psychological well-being show
ambiguous, rather contradictory results.
Scientists have found that social media users
receive significant social support, a sense of
community, and increased well-being. Social
media provide wide admittance to data and
conversationalist, offer extra instru ments for
making messages and permit to control the
degree of namelessness. Compared to personal
correspondence, these extra chances increment
the level of opportunity and the sensation of
overseeing social gatherings. Th us, social media
can promote self-introduction and self-
divulgence of users that has a constructive
outcome on psychological well-being
(Valkenburg & Peter, 2011; Kim & Lee, 2011).
However, most studies point to many negative
factors associated with social media use for
adolescents. Adverse effects include increased
narcissism, superficial connections, increased
tension, anxiety , and sleep disorders, especially
if the platforms are used for excessive amounts
of time (Wilson, 2012; Graham, 2008). Some
studies point to a link between social media
activity and emotional consequences: loneliness,
changes in self -esteem, depression (Huang,
2017; Bayer, 2018; Orben & Przybylski, 2019).
The positive and negative consequences of social
media use can coexist. The results of the impact
of social media on young users’ psychological
well-being may v ary depending o n personality
traits and time spent online. Thus, some web
users have a constructive outcome on the level of
well-being, while others suffer from har mful
effects (Fro st & Rickwood, 2017). A. Gonzales
and J. Hancock (2011) refuted the position that
the demonstration of one’s information online
due to differences in individual and social
standards leads to a decrease in self-esteem.
Social med ia create favorable conditions for
“impression management”. Thus, viewing and
editing infor mation and profile on social media
can predict an expansion in self-esteem. Mental
self portrait and the image of others are quite
simplified on social media, which is assessed by
the number of likes and followers. Young web
users often lose their mood and self-esteem when
comparing themselves with more popular
bloggers. This assessment is more related to the
problems of cognitive categorization. Cognitive
categorization near the screen of gadgets is not
improved, i. e. web users do not spontaneously
form new systems of coding of perceived
personal information. Probably, the identifie d
simplification effect can be explained by the
specifics of the media image, which is the basic
unit of coding information in cyberspace
(Medvedskaya, et al., 2020). A. Orben (2020)
found little negative correlation between the use
of gadgets and the psychological well-being of
young people. However, it is unclear whether
there is a causal relation or an association due to
additional factors.
It is important to study the relationship between
spending time online and the psychological well-
being of young people during the g lobal
coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2 virus). O.
Khmiliar, et al. found that within the setting of
the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic,
behavioral regulation of communication can be
predicted with high probability, based on the
available indexes of proxemics of interlocutors.
To gain the approval of another person, the
distance of interaction decreases (Khmiliar et al.,
2020). The last pattern is very important in
cyberspace. It is significant to support the
psychological health of young people during
COVID-19 because their psyche is actively
formed. The researcher J. Gruber and his
colleagues (2020) have identified three
fundamental manners by which the COVID-19
pandemic in fluences mental health. Firstly, this
pandemic is lo ng-term, disrupts daily life, and
makes genuine vulnerability about the present
and the future. Secondly, social interaction is
disrupted and minimized , which exacerbates the
feeling of loneliness. Thirdly, the current
pandemic deprives young people of stabilizing
social interaction with their loved ones because
of the significant risk of infection. Not the least
role is played by forced self-isolation, which
leads to exacerbation of lo neliness and
progression of anxiety and depression (Danace,
et al., 2020; Skliar et al., 2021).
The aim of Y. Yang et al. (2020) study was to
find-out in-what-manner social media impede
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people’s mental health while quarantine. The
results show that extensive social media use
during a pandemic leads to a state of distress.
Similar results were obtained by the researchers
A. Ahmad and H. Murad (2020). Their research
shows that social media play a significant role in
influencing the public dur ing the COVID-19
pandemic. The researchers point out that there is
a significant positive statistical correlation
between social media and the spread of panic
about COVID-19, especially among the younger
generation (18-35 years). Web users prefer
information from social media. Regularly they
cannot recognize which data on social media is
genuine and which is not. Such behavior causes
indeed more fright and rumors almost the
genuine nature of the ep idemic. T he r esearcher
K. Tugberk (2020) came to the opposite
conclusion, noting that web users take after
official sources which anticipate the expanse of
fake news. The author argues that users’ self-
awareness reduces panic because they do not
accept fak e news, indeed in the event that they
are “struck” by them. Users also believe that
social media posts create an accelerated panic
associated with COVID-19. The results of his
study convey that the social media u se during
COVID-19 is non-identical from the usual online
pastime. Usually, before the COVID-19
pandemic, most web users wanted to show the
perfect picture of their lives to others, that in turn
could be alarming to the latter. Individuals were
in self-isolation an d had comparative conditions
amid the pandemic. As a result, comparable
designs of behavior were taken after without
causing concern to other users (Bingimlas, 2021;
Tugberk, 2020).
The study of the pandemic’s impact on social
media use among youth is extremely relevant. On
the one hand, social media are one of the main
and safe means of communication with friends
and family, which can be a source of social
support (Mastrotheodoros, 2020). Under other
conditions, p re-pandemic research has linked
young people to excessive social media use and
low levels of psychological well-being. The most
common manifestations of decreased
psychological well-being are signs of depression
and risky behavior. The study b y A. Eden et al.
(2020) shows how stress and anxiety due to
social distancing are related to different patterns
of social med ia use among university students
throughout g lobal pandemic. It establishes how
social media use is related to the mental health
and psychological well-being of young web
users. The results indicate that the participants
had an expanded propensity to use social media
as a coping strategy. This type of behavior is
associated with a positive effect that improves
psychological well-being. These r esults
emphasize the feasibility of social media use as a
mental asset in times of emergency. Stress and
anxiety have been linked to both adaptive and
non-adaptive forms of social media use. Stress
has been linked to escapism on social media.
Escapism suggests that web users hav e tried to
emotionally avoid their current level of stress
through hedonistically pleasurable social media
choices that are unrelated to COVID -19
experiences (Eden et al., 2020).
The study results of Y. Yang et al. (2020)
demonstrated that the manner of using social
media is important. In specific, individuals who
were more likely to share positive data about
COVID-19 on social media tended to have higher
levels of life fulfillment as well as lower levels of
depression and anxiety. At the same time,
individuals who were slanted to take part in
discourses around COVID-19 on social media
had higher anx iety and lower levels of life
fulfillment. Hence, diverse ways o f social media
use can have diverse impacts on psychological
well-being. Other than, the investigation found
that activities on social media can have a
coordinate affect on mental health.
The researchers V. Boursier et al. (2020) f ound
that increasing feelin gs of loneliness and
isolation involved high levels of anxiety and
social media overuse. Simplified and long-term
access to social media has become a familiar
reaction of a person to remain in touch
throughout the quarantine. However, this
decision may reflect the fear of the unknown
through a pandemic. Excessive social media use,
according to the authors, is a strategy to
overcome feelings of loneliness. Per contra, in
some circumstance s, this may be an inadequate
technique that heightens the anxiety of single
people in the specific circumstances of a
pandemic.
Thus, the study of the impact of social med ia on
the psychological well-being of youth during the
progression of the COVID-19 pandemic is
relevant and extremely important.
Materials and methods
Methodological foundations of the empirical
study of the impact of social media on young web
users’ psychological well-being are based on the
psychology of users’ interaction in cyberspace.
To a greater extent, research on interaction in
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social media is conducted by Western European
scientists. At the same ti me, the obtained
empirical facts are quite contradictory (Verduyn
et al., 2017; Frison & Eggermont, 2015; Appel et
al., 2015) . Of course, the leading research is in
the medical field, at th e same time the study of
medical psych ology deser ves attention. The
phenomenon of social media disorder has been
established and substantiated, which combines
the following criteria: neglect of personal life,
mental anxiety, escapism, mood swings,
tolerance, concealment of addictive behavior
(Pryzbylski et al., 2 013; Young et al., 2017;
Eijnden et al., 2016).
The logic of constructing an “empirical picture”
was used in the development of the methodology
for studying the impact of social media on young
web user s’ psycholo gical well -being during the
progression of the COVID-19 pan demic. The
latter is reflected in the studies of the self-
regulatory capacity of an individual (Blynova et
al., 2020c; Halian et al., 2020b; Popovych et al.,
2020), personality adaptation
(Arbeláez-Campillo et al., 2018; Blynova et al.,
2020a; 2020d; Halian et al., 2020a), educational
activities of respondents of different ages
(Blynova et al., 202 0b; Halian et al., 2020c;
Shevchenko et al., 2020 Tsiuniak et al., 2020).
The scientific studies listed by us are directly
associated with the research of the impact of
social media on young web users’ psychological
well-being.
Participants. The study involved 254 people
aged 16-21 years. The study was conducted in the
form of questionnaires on the Go ogle Form
platform during the progression of the COVID-
19 pandem ic. Informatio n about the research is
posted on the websites of colleges and
universities in Odesa (Ukraine), as well as
disseminated in social media applications, due to
the ag e restrictions of the study category.
Participation was voluntary, incognito, and no
biographical data was collected. The sample size
is determined by the number of participan ts who
correctly and completely filled out the
questionnaires.
Organization of Research. The research
procedure was to fill in the questionnaire. Each
questionnaire was accompanied by instructions.
The instructions list aspects of the study, such as
confidentiality, purpose and time. The author’s
questionnaire was used to collect data on the
socio-demographic characteristics of young web
users (Hudimova, 2021). Th e Warwick-
Edinburgh psychological well-being scale was
used to study the psychological and individual
spheres (α-Cronbach’s coefficient was α = .85)
(Tennant et al., 2007); The loneliness experience
questionnaire (α-Cronbach’s ratio was α = .77)
(Korchagina, 2008) and the Social Media
Disorder Scale (α-Cronbach’s ratio was α = .82)
(Eijnden et al., 2016). The questionnaires
consisted of multiple options, rating sc ales
(Likert scale) and closed-ended questions. In
addition, to assess the condition of the
respondents due to the forced self -isolation
during the progression of the COVID-19
pandemic, the following questions were added:
“Increased online communication”, “Behavio r
change”, “Nature of thoughts about isolation”,
“Frequency of social media distraction” and
“Sleep changes”.
Procedures. The empirical study was conducted
in the form of a confirmatory experiment. The
obtained results were interpreted sep arately for
each diagnostic method. The next step in the
study was to establish the causal relations
between the social media impact on the young
web users’ psychological well-being. The degree
of the interrelation of the studied phenomena
consisted in the analysis and confirmation of the
reliability of the obtained results by
mathematical statistics methods. The study was
performed by the ethical standards of the WMA
Declaration of Helsinki (2013).
Statistical Analysis. Mathematical analysis of
the obtained empirical data was performed using
statistical software packages I BM SPSS
Statistics v. 23.0.0. The research uses the Pearson
correlation coefficient (r) and factor analysis by
ANOVA method.
Results
As a result of the study, it was possible to record
the characteristics of the behavior of young web
users during the forced self-isolation (Tabl. 1).
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Table 1.
Matrix of Correlations of the Studied Indexes of the Impact of Social Media on Young Web Users'
Psychological Well-being During the Progression of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Index
Pearson correlation coefficient (r)
Experience in Social Media Use
r = .294; p= .0001
Time Spent on Social Media per Day
r = -.250; p =.0001
Sleep Changes
r = -.178; p =.005
Social Media Disorder Scale
r = -.137; p = .03
Withdrawal
r = -.196; p = .002
Spending an excessive amount of time on social
media leads to a decrease in the level of
psychological well-being. To test this complex
phenomenon, it was decided to conduct factor
analysis by ANOVA (Tabl. 2).
Table 2.
Inverse Components’ Matrix of Analysis of Young Web Users’ Psychological Disorders and Excessive
Social Media Use Indicators.
Index
Component
1
2
Social Media Disorder Scale
.789
.454
Preoccupation
.731
Tolerance
.722
Time Spent on Social Media per Day
.631
Number of Accounts
.553
Escape from Bad Thoughts in Social Media
.549
Avoiding Behavior
.504
Feelings in Сonnection with Quarantine
-.668
Depth of Loneliness Experience
.535
Behavior Changes due to Quarantine
-.520
The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale
-.514
Sleep Changes
.512
Conflict
.508
Notes: Method of fact finding: principal component analysis. Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser
normalization. The rotation converged in three iterations.
Healthy sleep is extremely important for
maintaining the psychological well-being o f
young people. However, due to the inability to
organize time spent on social media p roperly for
their psychological state, young people neglect
sleep, which is illustrated in Fig. 1.
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Figure 1. Diagram of the Extent of Young Web Users’
Sleep Changes and Psychological Well-being.
The results of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental
Wellbeing Scale ( M = 48.66; ± SD = 8.35)
indicate a below-average level o f psychological
well-being, which is one of the consequences of
sleep disturbance (r = - .280; p = .001) due to
young web users’ excessive social media
involvement.
Discussion
The study of the infuence’s specifics of social
media on th e psychological state of the younger
generation during the COVID-19 pandemic is
novel. However, there ar e modern tangential
studies with quite interesting results. The
scientist W. Ellis et al. (2020) found that young
users spend more and more time on social media
and chat with friends during a pandemic.
Researchers have found that depression increases
at the same time. Central to this work is the
positive significant correlation between stress
and depression due to the current situation. Thus,
the more young people report the stress
associated with COVID-19, the more socially
dangerous the current situation is (Ellis et al.,
2020). Similar conclusions have been reached by
other scientists. Accentuation is put on the truth
that the predominance of mental wellbeing issues
is related to the recurrence of social media use
amid COVID-19 (Park et al., 2020; Tillman et
al., 2020).
The results of the studies by K. Tomaszek and A.
Muchacka-Cymerman (2020) sugg est that
psychological disorders are associated with
existential crises. These emergencies are
demonstrated by the tall existential anxiety
feeling amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This
condition leads to a diminution in life fulfillment
and post-traumatic development. An emergency
is an opportunity to develop, acknowledge
misfortunes and distinguish shortcomings within
the human mind, as well as distinguish a few
capacities to discover mental and psycho-
emotional adjust. The capacity to overcome
challenges, to adjust, to reco up in traumatic
circumstances, to discover meaning in presence
can be actuated in individuals through having this
unused encounter of the COVID- 19 pandemic
(Luca et al., 2020).
Returning to the hypothesis posed at the
beginning of this study, the following was
established regarding the impact of social media
on the Ukrainian youth’s psychological well-
being during the pandemic. The experience of
using social media is related to the activity’s
proportion of users in social media. With age,
that is, the earlier young people become users,
the less time they spend on social media. This
regularity is caused by the fact that at the age of
18-21 years, user s have several accounts in
different applications to be in trend and be a part
of a larger community. Quite often this happens
to be approved by peers. There is a sufficient
amount of studies that draw attention to this
feature of the young age period. In particular, the
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research of A. Shevchenko (2019) found that in
youth there are transformations in the value-
semantic sphere of personality. It is important
that when they become mature, young people do
not betray their values u nder the pressure of
social expectations of ‘significant others’ and
society.
Young users aged 18-21 years carefully design
their profiles, blog regularly, and communicate
with others to maintain activity on the page. The
online behavior of the older group is not
accompanied by bigo try, unlike the younger
group aged 16- 17 years. However, the lack of
time management d uring the pandemic in social
media use leads to sleep disorders and triggers
for the development of social m edia disorder,
which manifests in the form of irritability and
anxiety. The proof of the obtained data is paired
correlations in the range from r = .320 to r = .592.
Analysis of the data led to the conclu sion that
young web users have problems with falling
asleep, therefore they use gadgets at bedtime to
prepare for it. Such behavioral pattern leads to
the phenomenon of a ‘rabbit hole’, that in turn
increases the time spent on social media until the
morning.
Spending time on social media leads to the
emergence and progression of emo tional and
cognitive arousal, which in turn leads to sleep
disorders (r = .444; p = .01). Excessive social
media involvement during the day often leads to
delays in homework or other household chores.
Such behavior ultimately leads to a violation of
the regime in general. In particular, many studies
demonstrate that checking social media at
bedtime leads to changes in circad ian rhythms
due to the emission of blue shortwave light
gadgets (Chang et al., 2015).
The study shows that due to self-isolation, young
people experience significant psychological
stress due to fear of the unknown and changes in
the usual rhythm of life (r = .204; p = .01). By
focusing on the virtual world, through wh ich
young people can support the basic mechanisms
of socialization, they create an acceptable
atmosphere to displace bad thoughts. Social
media are a simulation of real life, the only
difference is the distance between users. Owing
to social media, young people do not lose their
socialization skills, actively communicating with
other users. With passive social media use, on the
contrary, young web u sers feel the illusion of
involvement in the community without directly
interacting with others. Th e latest pattern of
social media use often leads to depression,
anxiety, and detachment over time.
Young people use social media as a shelter,
creating a safe news feed, they feel safe, not
immersed in negative experiences, and reduce
the severity of the current state of loneliness
(r = .194; p = .01).
According to the survey, to combat boredom and
to distract from homework, young people watch
movies and TV series, spend time on YouTube
and T ikTok. The situation with forced self-
isolation is perceived by young people as an
unplanned vacation. At the same time, they have
difficulties due to the inability to leave the house
and meet with friends. Howev er, the share of
communication on social media has not
increased but even decreased. In the interview, it
was found that communication during distance
learning is quite exhausting, so young people
prefer to spend time on social media passively.
As described above, passive social media use
creates the illusion of involvement in a large
circle at the same time but exacerbates the feeling
of loneliness. Thus, young people become the
cause of their loneliness due to the ambivalence
of the urges of communication – solitude.
The results of the study revealed that young
web users with a level of psychological well-
being in the range from 47 to 69 points do not
have sleep problems. With the right routine and
owing to the efforts of their will, young people
can stop spendin g time on social media and
prepare for sleep.
Taken together, these findings stated that due to
the lack of a normalized daily routine for the
period of self-isolation, young people increase
their activity in social media, which has negative
consequences for psychological well-being and
health in general.
Conclusions
Spending a lot of time on social media during a
pandemic exacerbates the feeling of separation
from others, which has negative consequences
for psychological well -being (r = .307; p = .01).
The study provides additional information that
the unsatisfactory level of psycholog ical well-
being is associated with an exacerbation of the
imbalance in the mechanisms of identification
and alienation. The latter is accompanied by a
spoiled/depressed mood, anxiety, even greater
58
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immersion in social media to escape from
problems and unpleasant thoughts.
Young people experience a state of tension and
fear due to the unknown during the pandemic that
leads to an increase in spending time on social
media to get rid of negative obsessions (r = -.219;
p = .01).
Social media have n ot o nly negative effects on
young people during a pandemic. The positive
role is the ability to expand the circle of
communication with users from around the
world, to be at the center o f events and current
trends, to create interesting creative content, and
to participate in interesting discussions.
The reasons for the formation of social media
disorder are the lack of self-control and time
management among young people when using
social media (r = .340; p = .01).
The study provides additional information on the
specifics of the impact of social media on young
web users’ psychological well-b eing during the
quarantine.
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